中国蛋鸭品种资源的遗传变异  

STUDY ON MOLECULAR GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NATIVE EGG-LAYING DUCK BREED POPULATION IN CHINA

作　　者：李慧芳[1] 杨宁[2] 马月辉[3] 汤青萍[4] 屠云洁[4] 陈国宏[1] 陈宽维[4] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州225009 [2]中国农业大学动物科学与技术学院,北京100094 [3]中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,北京100094 [4]中国农业科学院家禽研究所,扬州225003

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第4期536-540,共5页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金："国家科技基础条件平台"资助(2004DKA30450-04);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助(2001AA243081)

摘　　要：微卫星作为近年来应用较多的一种分子标记,可有效的进行基因鉴定和系谱分析,并可估算群体间的遗传距离。通过筛选的28个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了我国13个地方蛋鸭品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算了各群体的遗传参数和群体间的遗传距离,采用邻近法构建了NJ聚类图。结果表明:我国所有蛋鸭品种全部群体的平均杂合度较低,其遗传多样性相对贫乏,各保种场(区)要加强多样性的保护;各品种的平均多态信息含量的高低与群体平均杂合度的顺序完全一致;遗传距离的计算说明了13个品种的遗传距离较远,分化时间较长;13个地方蛋鸭品种被聚类为3个类,微山麻鸭、攸县麻鸭、淮南麻鸭、广西小麻鸭、荆江麻鸭聚为一类;巢湖鸭和恩施麻鸭聚为一类;福建省的鸭种连城白鸭、莆田黑鸭、金定鸭、山麻鸭与三穗鸭、绍兴鸭聚为一类。聚类结果的分析表明了各蛋鸭品种的分子系统发生关系与其育成史和地理分布比较一致。Microsatellite marker is one of the frequently used molecular markers. It has been used in the genotype identification, pedigree analysis and estimation of genetic distance. This experiment studied the genetic diversity of 13 Chinese native egg - typing duck breeds population using 28 polymorphic microsatellite markers. According to allele frequencies of 28 microsatellite, polymorphic information content （ PIC）, mean heterozygosity and genetic distances were calculated for each breed. By using the Neighbor -joining method, a dendrogram was obtained based on genetic distances. The bootstrap values were evaluated for each crunode of the dendrogram by means of bootstrap test. The results showed that the mean heterozygosity of the whole native egg - typing duck breeds population was lower than those of native chicken breeds and goose breeds, suggesting that the genetic diversity in those duck breeds population is relativly rare and should be strengthened. The rank of the heterozygosity was consistent with that of the polymorphism information content. The results of the genetic distances between them indicated that the differentiation occurred long time ago. In the dendrogram, Weishan pocked, Youxian pocked, Huainan pocked, Guangxi pocked and Jingjiang pocked were classified into one goup, Chaohuand Enshi pocked were the second group, Liancheng white, Putian black, Jinding, Shanma, Sansui and Shaoxing were the flnra grong. The phylogenetic relationship among different duck breeds population was in accordance with their breeding history and localities.

关 键 词：鸭 微卫星 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：TU832[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]