枯草芽孢杆菌B931防治植物病害和促进植物生长的作用  

Biological Control of Plant Diseases and Plant Growth Promotion by Bacillus subtilis B931

作　　者：张霞[1] 唐文华[1] 张力群[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物病理学系

出　　处：《作物学报》2007年第2期236-241,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：澳大利亚国际农业中心项目(LWR2-PN9680);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2003AA241170)

摘　　要：枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B931是分离自小麦田的植物病害生物防治细菌,对多种作物土传病害都有很好的防治效果,并能促进作物生长。本研究通过转座子Tn917的转座诱变,构建了菌株B931的突变体库。自3 000多个突变体中,筛选得到了6个对小麦全蚀病菌抑制能力丧失的突变体(B931-A-),和多个产生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素能力增加的突变体B931-I+、B931-G+、B931-C+,以及产这3类激素能力减少的突变体B931-I-、B931-G-、B931-C-。温室测定这些突变体对小麦全蚀病及棉花立枯病的防治作用,结果表明抗生素的产生是B931具有病害防治能力的主要原因。产植物激素能力变化的突变体对苗期小麦和棉花没有促生长作用,但对甘薯苗的生根有显著的促进作用。Bacillus subtilis B931, a biological control bacterium isolated from wheat field, protects plants against many soil- borne diseases and promotes plant growth. A mutant library of B931 containing over 3 000 Tn917 mutants was constructed by transposon mutagenesis with plasmid pTV1 ： ： Tn917. Six mutants defective in antibiotic production （B931-A^-） were selected by dual culture test with Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici on PDA plates. Another six mutants which over- produced or less-produced phytohormones 3-1ndoleacetic acid （ IAA ）, gibberellin （ GA3 ） or cytokinin （ CTK ）, respectively, were selected by ELISA and HPLC methods. Greenhouse experiments showed that, compared with the wild type, the antibiotic-defective mutant was less effective in biological control of wheat take-all caused by G. graminis var. tritici and cotton damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, indicating that the antibiotic production played a major role in the biocontrol activity of B931. The mutants that over-produced or less-produced phytohormones had no significant influence on seedling growth of wheat and cotton. However, the mutants that overproduced IAA or CTK could significantly promote root growth of sweet potato seedlings.

关 键 词：枯草芽孢杆菌 转座诱变 抗生素 植物激素 

分 类 号：S476.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]