残茬高度对土壤风蚀量影响的试验研究  

Experimental study on wind-blown mass affected by stubble height

作　　者：刘汉涛[1] 麻硕士[1] 窦卫国[1] 童淑敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2007年第1期30-34,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30260092);国家农业科技成果转化资金资助项目(2004150100282);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目(200508010708)

摘　　要：在内蒙古自治区武川县建立农田土壤风蚀试验区,采用内蒙古农业大学研制的移动式风蚀风洞和旋风分离式集沙仪,观测不同残茬高度条件下农田土壤的风蚀情况。试验结果表明:土壤风蚀量和扬起沙尘的高度随风速的增加而增加,随着作物秸秆残茬高度的增加而降低,且风蚀量与高度变化符合指数函数关系,土壤颗粒主要集中在近地表层内运动。保护性耕作可明显地提高起沙风速,减少农田土壤损失,当秸秆高度为30 cm时,风蚀量仅为传统耕地的1/4左右。An experimental field of soil wind erosion was established on the farmland in Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia, to measure the soil loss by wind erosion under different stubble height treatments. A movable wird erosion tunnel and whirl type separation sand sampler designed by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University were used to collect the soil particles during the soil erosion by wind event. The result showed that with increasing wind speed, wind- blown mass and height of the particles suspended increased, while with increasing stubb e height, mass and height of the particles suspended decreased. Also, the relationship between the mass of the particles suspended in the air and the height fits an exponential function and the majority of the eroded rnaterials moved near the surface. Compared with conventional moldboard plough practice, the conservation tillage with 30 cm height stubble could remarkably increase threshold velocity and reduce the soil loss by about 3/4.

关 键 词：农业工程 保护性耕作 土壤风蚀 风洞试验 移动式风蚀风洞 

分 类 号：S151.1[农业科学—土壤学]