土壤水分对寒地水稻穗部性状和产量的影响  

Effect of soil moisture on panicle traits and yield of rice in cold region

作　　者：陈书强[1] 李金峰[2] 郑桂萍[2] 薛菁芳[3] 徐正进[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学植物科技学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2007年第1期109-115,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30370866)和教育部博士点基金资助

摘　　要：选用上育397和绥粳3号两个水稻品种,于分蘖期、穗分化期、抽穗后1~10天、抽穗后11~20天分别进行土壤水势为-0.030^-0.035 MPa和-0.060^-0.065 MPa的控水试验,研究土壤水分对寒地水稻穗部性状和产量的影响。结果表明:分蘖期控水使穗数显著降低,穗粒数减少;穗分化期控水使穗长明显变短,穗节数和穗颈节枝梗数显著降低,穗粒数、成粒率和千粒重均显著降低;抽穗后1~10天控水使穗粒数减少,千粒重变小。控水处理对每穗的二次枝梗数、二次枝梗上的总粒数、成粒率和千粒重的影响均大于对一次枝梗上这些因素的影响。两品种相同水分胁迫条件下的减产幅度以穗分化期>分蘖期>抽穗后1~10天处理>其它处理。对产量构成因素的影响为穗粒数>成粒率>每穴穗数>千粒重。增加各部位的枝梗数、二次枝梗上的实粒数和成粒率更利于产量的提高。Controlling water treatments （CWT） for two rice varieties （Shangyu 397 and Suijing 3） a - 0. 030 to - 0. 035MPa and - 0. 060 to - 0. 065 MPa of soil water potential were carried out during tillering stage, panicle initiation stage, 1- 10 days after heading, and 11 - 20 days after heading, respectively. CWT during tillering stage reduced the panicles per hill and grains per panicle. CWT during panicle formation stagn decreased distinctly the panicle length, panicle node number, branches on the neck-panicle, and grains per pani cle, filled grain rate and 1 000 - grain weight. CWT during 1 - 10 days after heading stage enabled grains pe panicle and 1 000 - grain weight to decrease. The effect of CWT on secondary branch number per panicle, total grains, filled grain rate and 1 000 - grain on secondary branch weight were greater than that on primary branch The order of yield reduction in two varieties under the same water stress condition was treated during panicll formation stage〉 treated during tillering stage 〉 treated during 1 - 10 days after heading 〉 other treatments. The sequence of yield components affected by CWT was： panicle grains, filled grain rate, panicles per hill, 1 000 - grain weight. Increase of branch number of different positions, grains and filled grain rate on secondary branch will be more beneficial to improve rice yield.

关 键 词：土壤水分 水稻 穗部性状 产量 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]