朝鲜核试验问题的国际法考量  

The DPRK Nuclear Test according to International Law

作　　者：曾令良[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2007年第1期7-13,共7页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：教育部重大攻关项目"中国和平发展中的重大国际法律问题研究"的阶段性成果(项目批准号:04JZD0015)

摘　　要：朝鲜核试验的非法性与联合国安理会第1718(2006)号决议的合法性,在国际法律依据上具有同源性。虽然在禁止核试验和不扩散核武器这一专门领域已经制定了多项条约,但是这些最直接的特殊法都难以用来作为证明朝鲜核试验之非法性的法律依据。根据国际法院确立的“公开”和“意图”标准,六方《联合声明》作为证实朝鲜核试验为违法行为的法律依据也似乎显得牵强。相比之下,作为一般国际法的《联合国宪章》倒是朝鲜核试验之非法定性的有力依据。《联合国宪章》关于“维持国际和平与安全”的首要宗旨和“禁止使用武力威胁或使用武力”原则的含义必定包括禁止核试验。朝鲜的核试验不仅违反了作为会员国和缔约国的《联合国宪章》,同时还违反了“禁止使用武力威胁或使用武力”这一具有强行法性质的习惯法规则和一般国际法原则。The unlawfulness of the DPRK nuclear test and the lawfulness of the UN Security Council’s Resolution 1718 (2006) according to international law have common legal sources. Although there have been several specialized treaties prohibiting nuclear tests and supporting the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, these special laws can hardly be used to prove the unlawfulness of the DPRK nuclear test. Nor can the Joint Statement by the Six Parties prove the unlawfulness of the DPRK nuclear test in accordance with the standards of “publicity” and “intention” established by the ICJ. In contrast, the UN Charter as a general international law may be the most forceful legal evidence to justify the illegality of the DPRK nuclear test. The primary purpose of “maintenance of international peace and security” and the principle of “prohibition of armed threats or use of armed forces” in the UN Charter can be presumed to include the prohibition of nuclear tests. Therefore, the DPRK nuclear test violates not only DPRK’s obligations under the Charter as a UN member-state, but also the provision of “prohibition of armed threats or use of armed forces” which has become a general international customary rule bearing the character of jus cogens.

关 键 词：朝鲜核试验 禁止核试验 不扩散核武器 联合国宪章 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]