红壤丘陵区村级农田土壤养分的空间变异与制图  

Mapping and spatial variability of soil nutrients in farmland of red soil hilly regionat village scale

作　　者：路鹏[1] 苏以荣[2] 牛铮[1] 吴金水[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感应用研究所遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2007年第1期89-95,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40571117);中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目(KZCX2-YW-313;KZCX3-SW-426).

摘　　要：以红壤丘陵区桃源县的王家墙村为例，通过GPS定位共取得522个耕层（0～20cm）土壤样品．运用地理信息系统（GIS）和地统计学相结合的方法，分析了红壤丘陵区村级农田土壤养分的空间变异规律并进行了空间异质性的比较．结果表明：在各向同性下土壤有机碳的变程最大，为261m：全氮次之，为208m；全磷最小，为133m．在村级尺度下有机碳和全氮的分形维数较低分别为1．874和1．886，全磷的分形维数较高为1．939．土壤有机碳和全氮在NE150°方向上呈现出明显的条带状梯度变化，并表现出了极为相似的空间分布格局．地形的梯度变化直接导致了景观格局相应的变化，进而形成了有机碳和全氮的空间格局从高值区到低值区的梯度变化．土壤全磷的空间斑块分布变得更加琐碎并呈现镶嵌的“星空”状分布，而没有表现出明显的条带状分布，在NE150°方向上也没有形成对称的分布格局，这与其自身不易移动的特性有关．从标准化变异函数的曲线可以看出，土壤养分空间结构的变化与分形维数的变化规律一致．Taking Wangjiadang village in Taoyuan county of red soil hilly region as an experimental site, random sample approaches were employed for the sampling scenario with 522 spots sampled in topsoil （0- 20 cm） by Global Position System （GPS）. Geostatistics combined with GIS was used to determine the spatial variability characteristics and compare spatial heterogeneity. The results showed that there were significant differences in ranges of spatial autocorrelation among three soil properties at isotropism, which of soil organic carbon, total N, and total P was 261 m, 208 m, and 133 m respectively. Dimension of soil organic carbon, total N, and total P was 1.874, 1. 886, and 1. 939 respectively. Spatial distribution pattern of soil organic carbon was similar to that of total N at NE150° direction, and they were distributed apparently in strip. Changes of landscape patterns mainly resulted from terrain change, i.e. the spatial distribution patterns of soil organic carbon and total N exhibited the tread of decreasing gradually from higher areas to lower areas. While soil total P was distributed randomly and its patches characterized trivial and ＂star-studded＂; it did not exhibit symmetry pattern at NE150° direction, which was related to its immobile property. The standard semivariograms of soil nutrients suggested that change of spatial structure of soil nutrients is consistent with that of dimension.

关 键 词：土壤养分 空间变异性 普通克立格 红壤丘陵区 村级尺度 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]