土壤盐渍化特性和施肥方法对氮肥氨挥发影响初步研究  

Primary Study on the Effect of Salization Characteristics and Fertilization Methods to Ammonia Volatilization of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Soil

作　　者：张云舒[1] 徐万里[1] 刘骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2007年第1期13-16,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40361005);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(200321112)资助

摘　　要：采用“静态吸收法”研究了土壤盐渍化类型、程度和施肥方法对氮肥氨挥发损失特征的影响。结果表明:①盐渍化类型不同氨挥发损失特征不同,碱化土壤上氨挥发速率较高但持续时间较短;盐化土壤上氨挥发速率相对较低但氨挥发持续时间较长;②盐渍化土壤上氮肥氨挥发损失高于非盐渍化土壤,氨挥发量、挥发持续时间随着盐渍化程度的增加而增加;③施肥方法对盐渍化土壤上氮肥氨挥发损失有不同影响,在5个典型土壤上,氨挥发损失量均为表施>混施>深施;④在中度盐化土壤上,混施、深施的氨挥发量远高于其他土壤。说明在盐化程度较高的土壤上,仅仅通过改进施肥方法不能完全抑制氨挥发损失,需要通过其他措施,如降低土壤盐渍化程度来减少氨挥发损失。Using ＂static absorbing method＂ to the soil salinification type, the methods and the degree and the fertilizer application conducted the preliminary study to the nitrogenous fertilizer ammonia volatility loss characteristic. The results showed that：①Different salinification types with different ammonia volatility loss characteristics, the velocity of ammonia volatilization was high but the duration was to be short in alkaline soil; the velocity of ammonia volatilization was low relatively but the duration was long in salinized soils. ②The nitrogenous fertilizer ammonia volatility loss in salinization soil was higher than that in non-salinization, the quantity and the duration of ammonia volatilization was increased with increasing of salinization degree. ③The fertilizer application methods had the different influence to the salinized soils, the quantity of ammonia volatility loss was surface application 〉mixed application〉incorporation application on 5 typical soils. ④The quantity of ammonia volatilization of mixed application and incorporation application in moderate salinized soils was higher than that in other soils. It was showed that only through the improvement of the fertilizer application method couldn＇t suppress the ammonia volatility lose completely in the high salinized soils, it needs other measures, for exeample, through decreasing the soil salinification degree to reduce the ammonia volatility loss.

关 键 词：盐渍化 盐渍化类型和程度 施肥方法 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S156.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]