高精度三维地震资料采集技术——以官渡地区山地地震勘探为例  

High-precision 3D seismic data acquisition-Case study of seismic exploration in mountainous area at Guandu region

作　　者：谭胜章[1] 杜惠平[1] 宋国良[1,2] 吴建红[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司华东分公司第六物探大队 [2]西北大学地质学系,陕西西安710069 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《石油物探》2007年第1期74-80,共7页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

摘　　要：川东南官渡地区地表地质条件复杂,悬崖峭壁林立,沟壑纵横,为典型的山地地形。野外地震资料采集难,如激发接收条件横向变化大,静校正问题突出,干扰严重等。为此,开展了高精度三维地震资料采集技术研究。首先进行了面向地质目标的精细设计,包括对采集参数的综合分析和论证、观测系统设计等,确定了适合该区高精度勘探的采集参数,所采用的宽方位斜交观测系统使反射面元和方位角分布更加均匀,因此可以消除由地面障碍物和地下阴影造成的影响,以及获取地下裂缝信息；通过高密度表层结构调查,以及对多种信息的综合分析,建立了合理的表层结构模型,提供了精确的静校正数据；对于接收点和激发点的布设,采用了大比例尺地形图和高精度卫星图片结合的方法,对于不能布设炮点的地区则采用变观的方法解决丢炮问题。在官渡地区,应用高精度三维地震资料采集技术获得了信噪比高、高频成分和层间信息丰富、构造形态清晰的高精度三维地震剖面。Guandu region in southeastern Sichuan is the typical moun- tainous area.Because of the complexity in surface geological condi- tion,field data acquisition has many difficulties,such as big lateral changes of shooting and receiving,statics problem and serious in- terference.Aiming at these problems,high-precision 3D seismic acquisition techniques are studied.First.some proper acquisition parameters to high-precision 3D seismic exploration are carfefully designed,including the analysis and demonstration on parameters and geometry design.The wide-azimuth oblique crossing geometry is applied to make the distribution of reflecting bin and azimuth more reasonable.Therefore,more information of fractures is ob- tained in eliminating the influence from surface obstacles and sub- surface shadow.After comprehensive information analysis and high-density surface structure investigation,the superficial struc- tural model is established to provide accurate statics data.Source and receiver points were designed by applying a large scale topo- graphic map combined with high precision satellite remote sensing data.The changeable geometry was adopted to avoid losing shot where the shot couldn't be arranged.In Guandu area,seismic pro- files with high signal-to-noise ratio,abundant intrabed and high frequency information,and clear structure are obtained by high- precision 3D seismic acquisition technique.

关 键 词：官渡地区 山地地震勘探 采集技术 斜交观测系统 采集参数分析 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]