施钾量和施钾时期对小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of potassium application rate and time on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen and potassium by winter wheat

作　　者：于振文[1] 梁晓芳[1] 李延奇[2] 王雪[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农业部小麦栽培生理与遗传改良重点开放实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省龙口市农业技术推广中心,山东龙口265701

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第1期69-74,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30471026);国家"十五"科技攻关资助项目(2002BA516A12).

摘　　要：利用15N示踪技术,研究了施钾量和施钾时期对高产小麦氮素和钾素吸收利用的影响.结果表明:0～20cm土层土壤速效钾含量为118.5mg.kg-1时,一次性基施钾肥未提高植株的氮、钾积累量;速效钾含量为79.0mg.kg-1时,施钾显著提高了植株的氮、钾积累量.采用分期施钾时(1/2基施、1/2拔节期追施),随施钾量增加,小麦吸收的肥料氮和土壤氮量及追施氮肥在土壤中的残留量均增加,肥料氮的损失量降低.分期施钾显著提高了植株的氮、钾积累量、吸收效率和生产效率,当施钾量为135kg.hm-2时,与一次性施钾相比,分期施钾促进了植株对追肥氮和土壤氮的吸收,提高了追施氮肥在土壤中的残留量.结果还表明:施钾提高了小麦的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量;分期施钾处理优于一次性施钾处理,以K45+45(45kg.hm-2基施、45kg.hm-2拔节期追施)处理最优.过多施钾使小麦产量和品质趋于降低.The study with ^15 N tracing techniques showed that basal application of K did not increase the N and K accumulation in wheat plant when the available K content in 0 -20 cm soil layer was 118.5 mg·kg^-1, but increased the accumulation significantly when the soil available K content was 79. 0 mg·kg^-1. When the fertilizer K was 1/2 basal-applied and 1/2 top-dressed at elongation stage, the absorbed fertilizer N and soil N by plant as well as the residual N of top-dressed N in soil were increased with increasing K application rate, while the fertilizer N loss decreased. Compared with basal application, the split application of K increased the accumulated amount, uptake efficiency, and productive efficiency of N and K significantly. When the K application rate was 135 kg·hm^-2, split application of K promoted the absorption of top-dressed and soil N by plant, and increased the residual N of top-dressed N in soil. The results also showed that K application increased the grain yield and its protein and wet gluten contents. At the same K application rate, split application had better effect than basal application, and treatment K45 ＋45 （45 kg·hm^-2 as basal and 45 kg·hm^-2 top-dressed） showed the best effect. Applying excessive K tended to decrease wheat yield and its quality.

关 键 词：施钾量 施钾时期 冬小麦 氮素和钾素利用 产量和品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]