西北干旱区AM真菌多样性研究  

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in arid zones in northwestern China

作　　者：冀春花[1] 张淑彬[1] 盖京苹[1] 白灯莎[2] 李晓林[1] 冯固[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [2]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2007年第1期77-83,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40661008);中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所所长基金(20053039)

摘　　要：为了探明我国新疆、甘肃河西走廊等西北干旱区丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的资源与分布,我们调查了荒漠、草原、针阔叶混交林、草甸和绿洲农田5种植被类型中AM真菌类群分布特征,以及不同生态因子对AM真菌多样性特征的影响。在西北干旱区的26科60种植物的根区土壤中,共分离鉴定出AM真菌6属40种,其中35个鉴定到种,5个鉴定到属。在调查区域内球囊霉属(Glomus)为优势属,G.claroideum为优势菌种。AM真菌在不同植被类型中的发生和分布规律明显不同:内养囊霉属(Entrophospora)只在荒漠中有分布,类球囊霉属(Paraglomus)在绿洲农田和荒漠中有分布,原囊霉属(Archaeospora)在草原、荒漠和绿洲农田中分布,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)在草甸、针阔叶混交林和草原中有分布。研究观察到在绿洲农田和草甸中AM真菌的物种多样性指数高于其他植被类型,这反映出在干旱区土壤水分条件可能是AM真菌发生和分布的重要制约因素。In order to understand the distribution pattern of the resources of arbuseular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi in arid zones in northwestern China, we investigated AM fungal diversity in five vegetation types： desert, grassland, forest, meadow, and oasis farmland. Forty AM fungal species belonging to six genera were identified from the rhizospheres of 60 plant species. Of these fungi, 35 were identified to species and five were identified to genus. Glomus claroideum was the dominant species throughout the sampling area, but the occurrence and distribution pattern of AM fungi in the five vegetation types were quite different. Entrophospora was only observed in desert while Paraglomus was found in oasis farmland and desert, Archaeospora existed in grassland, desert and oasis farmland, and Scutellospora existed in meadow, forest and grassland. The biodiversity index in oasis farmland and meadow were higher than other vegetation types, indicating soil moisture may be the most important factor affecting the distribution of AM fungi in arid zones.

关 键 词：AM真菌 资源 植被类型 绿洲农田 荒漠 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]