环境因子对白蜡虫泌蜡的影响  

The impact of environmental factors on the wax excretion by Chinese white wax scale(Ericerus pela Chavannes)

作　　者：陈晓鸣[1] 王自力[1] 陈勇[1] 叶寿德[1] 王绍云[1] 冯颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,国家林业局资源昆虫培育与利用重点实验室,昆明650224

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第1期103-112,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技攻关资助项目(2004BA502B04);云南省科技攻关资助项目(2001NG16);云南省自然科学基金资助项目(98C083)~~

摘　　要：白蜡虫是一种具有重大的经济价值资源昆虫，白蜡虫分泌的白蜡是一种重要的天然化工原料。研究了不同温度、湿度、光照等因子对白蜡虫泌蜡的影响，试验种群和自然种群研究结果表明，白蜡虫在15～25℃下能正常分泌白蜡和生长发育，在30℃以上的持续恒温下，白蜡虫能分泌白蜡，但泌蜡量低，不能正常生长发育，化蛹，2龄末期死亡；在高湿度（年相对湿度〉80％）、低光照（〈1600h／a）条件下，白蜡虫泌蜡量高，但种群不能正常生长发育，雌虫死亡率高，不能完成生活史。多因素分析表明，白蜡虫泌蜡对温度不敏感，影响白蜡虫泌蜡的关键因子是湿度和光照，适于白蜡虫泌蜡的环境因子为：温度15～25℃、年降雨量1300～2000mm，年相对湿度〉80％，泌蜡期5～8月份的相对湿度〉90％，年光照时数〈1600h／a。根据在峨嵋、昭通、昆明等地对白蜡虫的生态适应性观察和分析，白蜡虫泌蜡高的环境不是白蜡虫适生区域，白蜡虫适生区域主要生态指标为：年均温11～16℃，降雨量800～1200mm／年，年相对湿度65％～75％，年光照时数为1900～2500h／a。Ericerus pela Chavanness is an important resource insect with economic value. The white wax excreted by 2^nd larvae of Ericerus pela is one of important raw materials which is widely applied in the some chemical industries. In this paper, the wax excretion of Ericerus pela was analyzed for its impact of ecological factors. The result showed that Ericerus pela could excrete wax, develop normally and finish its life cycle within sustained temperatures ranging between 15℃ to 25℃. When the temperature exceeds 30℃, Ericerus pela can excrete wax, but the excreted wax amount is low. Most of the larvae population dies at the end of the 2^nd instar, therefore, the insect can not develop normally, nor can it pupate and finish its life cycle. Humidity and light are key factors affecting wax excretion of Ericerus pela. In an environment of high humidity（ annual relative humidity 〉 80% ） and low light （ 〈 1600 h/a）, the wax amount excreted by Ericerus pela is high, hut the population can not develop normally, the high death rate of the female insect prevents the development of its llfe cycle. The insect is not temperature sensitive, therefore, the temperature will not affect its secretion. The beneficial ecological factors for Chinese white wax scale to excreted wax are temperature 15 -25℃, light 〈 1600 h/a, rain fall 1300 -2000 mm, annual relative humidity 〉 80% and relative humidity 〉 90% from May to August . According to ecological observation and analysis of Ericerus pela living in Emei, Zhaotong and Kunming, the environments of which encourage rates of high excreted waxes are not suitable growth areas for Ericerus pela. The main ecological characteristics for suitable growth areas of Ericerus pela are described as follows ： annual average temperature 11 -- 16℃, light 1900 --2500 h/a, rain fall 800 -1200 mm and annual relative humidity 65%--75%.

关 键 词：白蜡虫 泌蜡 环境因子 适于泌蜡的环境 种群适生区域 

分 类 号：S899.1[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]