太湖流域晚粳稻地方种资源的表型遗传多样性  

Assessment on superficial heredity of late Japonia Rice local germplasm resources in Taihu Lake area

作　　者：沈新平[1] 沈明星[2] 顾丽[1] 龚丽萍[1] 季红娟[1] 姚月明[2] 王建平[2] 高飞[1] 顾芹芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,扬州225009 [2]江苏省太湖地区农业科学研究所,江苏太湖215155

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第1期189-196,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程资助项目(20044BA520A)~~

摘　　要：对368份太湖地区晚粳稻地方种材料的植株及品质性状进行分析与测定，结果表明种质问的性状均有极显著差异。植株形态及穗粒特性中，株高的变化从120．5～160．5cm，每穗总粒数变化在69．9～144．0粒／穗，千粒重的极差达10．7g。在品质性状上，整精米率变化在50．05％～77．05％间，垩白率、垩白度平均48．31％、5．36％，直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量分别变化在12．8％～25．8％、7．55％～14．55％，平均分别为17．5％、9．42％，总体加工、蒸煮品质较优，外观品质较差。不同级分的种质资源数量的分布总体上亦呈正态分布的特征，如株高主要集中在137cm左右，占41．7％，每穗总粒数主要分布在92．3～110．0粒／穗间，占57．2％，千粒重主要在27．0～28．0g间，占41．7％。种质材料的植株及品质性状均具有较高的遗传多样性，穗粒性状、品质性状、植株形态性状的遗传多样性指数分别为2．02、1．87、1．54。种质资源材料中共有15个大穗型种质，穗粒数超过了140粒／穗，如天下第一种、千斤稻、晚慢种等，还有一些穗粒数低于70粒／穗的小穗型品种，如白叠谷、硬头颈、绿种等，直链淀粉含量≤15％的种质有22个，如来自吴江的田鸡青、野凤凰，也有一些高直链淀粉含量的种质材料，如矮土种、红芒种、木樨球和野稻。优质加工、外观品质的种质资源数量较少，吴江的晚洋稻、野凤凰两个材料属于低直链淀粉含量并且加工、外观品质为优质的种质资源。By examining and analyzing the plant and quality characteristics in Taihu Lake Area, the results showd very significant difference among the quality characteristics of different resources. On the germplasm plant shape and ear characteristics all had distinct diversity, the plant high varied from 120.5cm to 160.5cm, and the total grain number of each ear varied from 69.9 to 144.0 grains per ear, the range of weight of a thousand seeds was 10.7g. On the quality characteristic, the change of head milled rice was between 50.05% to 77.05%, the average of chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree respectively was 48.31% and 5.36%, the change of amylase and protein content respectively was 12. 8% to 25.8%, 7.55% to 14.55%, the average of them respectively was 17.5% and 9.42%. The distribution of different level of germplasm resources quantity in the mass was demonstrated following normal distribution, such as the plant high was mainly about 137cm, accounted for 41.7% of the total, the distribution of the total grain number of each ear was mainly in 92.3 to 110.0 grains each ear, accounted for 57.2%, weight of a thousand seeds was mainly between 27.0g to 28.0g, accounted for 41.7%. Both the plant and quality characteristic had the higher heredity diversity, the characteristic heredity multiple index of the ear of grain of characteristic, the quality characteristic and the plant shape were 2.02, 1.87 andl. 54, respectively. 15 big ear of germplasm were pooled in germplasm resources material, the ear of grain number was more than 140 grains per ear, such as Tianxiadiyizhong, Qiangjindao, Wanmanzhong. And there were some small ear types which the ear of grain number was lower than 70 grains per ear, such as Baidiegu, Yingtoujing, Ltizhong and so on, there were 22 germplasms in which the amylose content was smaller or equal to 15%, such as tianjiqing and yefenghuang from Wujiang, also had some germplasm material of high amylose content, such as Aituzhong, Hongmangzhong, Muxiqiu and Yedao. The quantity of high quality processing,

关 键 词：太湖流域 地方种 晚粳稻 植株性状 品质 多样性 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]