物种灭绝对不同时间尺度栖息地毁坏响应的空间模拟  

Spatial simulation of the responses of species extinction to human-caused habitat destruction at different time scales

作　　者：刘会玉[1,2] 林振山[1,2] 周年兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院 [2]江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,南京210046

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第1期228-234,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40371108)~~

摘　　要：人类活动所引起的栖息地毁坏已成为当前物种多样性丧失的最主要的原因之一。空间显含模型相对于空间隐含模型来说,更加接近于现实,因此,通过元胞自动机,模拟了物种多样性对万年、千年、百年时间尺度人类活动所引起的栖息地毁坏的响应。研究结果表明万年时间尺度上,物种是由强到弱的灭绝;而在千年时间尺度上,物种灭绝的序受集合种群结构的影响较大;在百年时间尺度上,物种由于栖息地毁坏过于剧烈和迅速,来不及作出响应,在栖息地完全毁坏时集体灭绝。因此,物种灭绝序不只是受竞争-侵占均衡机制的影响,还受不同时间尺度(不同速率)栖息地毁坏的影响,以及集合种群结构的影响。Human-caused habitat destruction is one of the greatest threats to species diversity. In spatially implicit model, habitat destruction is just a single parameter, a reduction of the fraction of available sites, while in spatially explicitly model, habitat fragmentation has been taken into consideration. Therefore, contrast to spatially implicit model, spatially explicit model is more close to reality. Cellular automation is one of the most widely used （popular） spatially explicit models. Cellular automata models provide realistic, effective and reliable models of the spatiotemporal dynamics of metapopulation. Therefore, in this article cellular automation model was constructed to simulate the responses of species diversity to human-caused habitat destruction at ten-thousand year time scale, millenary time scale and century time scale, respectively. The results show that： The bigger q is, the longer the species extinction time is. So, the characteristics of species response to habitat destruction are deeply influenced by the metapopulation structures. Species go extinct in ranked competitive order （i. e., species 1 followed by 2, by 3 ） at ten thousand time scale, while at millenary time scale, the order of species extinction will greatly depend on the structure of metapopulation. When q （ the proportion of occupied patches by best competitors） is bigger, species will go extinct from the best to the worst before complete destruction, and the survivals will go extinct collectively when complete destruction; when q is smaller, because the differences of species abundance and dispersal abilities among different species are not significant, the order of species extinction is not deterministic, and it is possible for the best competitor go extinct finally. While at century time scale, species will go extinct collectively at the moment of complete habitat destruction because the habitat destruction is so intensive and quick that species have no time to response. Therefore, the order of species extinction i

关 键 词：物种多样性 时间尺度 栖息地毁坏 响应 元胞自动机 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]