海南大田自然保护区野猪的生境选择  

Habitat Selection of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Hainan Datian Reserve

作　　者：滕丽微[1,2] 刘振生[1,2,3] 宋延龄[1] 曾治高[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所 [2]华东师范大学生命科学学院上海200062 [3]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2007年第1期1-7,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.30170166)

摘　　要：对海南大田自然保护区内野猪(Sus scrofa)的生境选择进行了研究。结果表明,野猪偏好选择低平地热带草原和灌丛草地,通常选择草本植物高、草本生物量大、草本覆盖度高、灌木矮小、1m以下当年枝比例高、隐蔽程度相对较低、接近水源的地点作为取食地,而选择灌木高大且密度高、灌木覆盖度高、草本植物高、隐蔽程度好、接近水源和远离人为干扰的地点作为卧息地。在雨季,野猪卧息地的灌木覆盖度和隐蔽度均比旱季高,而取食地的草本生物量也比旱季高。主成分分析表明,取食地第Ⅰ主成分的贡献率达35.51%,其中绝对值较大的有乔木密度、灌木高度、灌木覆盖度、1m以下当年枝比例、草本覆盖度和隐蔽级;卧息地第Ⅰ主成分的贡献率为39.57%,其中绝对值较大的出现在灌木高度、灌木覆盖度、1m以下当年枝比例、草本高度、草本覆盖度、草本生物量、距水源距离和隐蔽级。Habitat selection of WiM Boar （Sus scrofa） were studied from October 2001 to August 2002 in Hainan Datain Reserve which geographically locates in 108°47′-108°49′E, 19°05′-19°17′N. Habitat use of Wild Boar were sampled by line transects. Wild Boar showed a preference for dry savanna and shrttb-grass land. Forage sites were characterized by richness of food resource and hiding covers which are represented by taller herbs, higher herbage biomass, denser herb cover, moderate shrub height, higher percent of newborn twigs to the total twigs below 1 m, moderate hiding cover. Water resource is also an important factor for the habitat selection. Wild Boar more likely use bed sites with taller shrubs, higher shrub density, dense shrub canopy, taller herbs, closer distance to the water resource, and farther distance to the human settlement. Comparing with dry season, wild boar chose bed sites with a higher percent canopy cover and hiding cover, while they fed in the site with rich herbage biomass. Principal components analysis indicated that the first principal component accounted for 35.51% of the total variance among forage sites variance, with higher loadings for tree density, shrub height, cover of shrubs, availability of new shoot less than 1 m, herbage cover, and hiding cover. The first principal component explained 39.57 % of bed sites variance, with higher loadings for shrub height, cover of shrubs, availability of new shoot less than 1 m, herbage height, herbage cover, herbage biomass, water resource, and hiding cover.

关 键 词：野猪 生境选择 海南大田自然保护区 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]