温度对中国林蛙卵孵化和孵出热耐受性的影响  

Effect of Temperature on Incubation and Thermal Tolerance of the Chinese Forest Frog

作　　者：王立志[1,2] 李晓晨[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院 [2]陕西教育学院生命科学系西安710061

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2007年第1期121-127,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金项目(No.98H16);陕西师范大学研究生培养创新基金资助项目

摘　　要：为了解中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)卵的孵化率、发育起点温度、发育有效积温、孵化后蝌蚪的成活率和蝌蚪的热耐受性,将当天产出的中国林蛙卵采集回实验室,分别置于5个不同温度(10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃)下孵化,观察和测量记录卵的孵化率、孵化3d后蝌蚪的成活率、全长及每个温度下卵的发育历期。利用温度梯度装置观察记录孵化10d后蝌蚪的最适温度、逃避温度和致死温度。光照周期设为14L∶10D,湿度设为85%。结果表明,温度对中国林蛙卵的孵化率影响显著;孵化3d后蝌蚪的成活率随着温度的升高而降低,30℃下孵化的蝌蚪在2d之内全部死亡;温度对中国林蛙卵孵化3d后蝌蚪全长的影响极显著,蝌蚪的全长随着温度的升高而增加;应用直线回归法和直接最优化法计算中国林蛙卵的发育起点温度和有效积温,分别为0.51℃、65.29日度和0.38℃、65.52日度,直接最优化法优于直线回归法。经过4个不同温度(10℃、15℃、20℃和25℃)孵化10d后蝌蚪的最适温度分别为(13.2±1.6)℃、(15.7±1.9)℃、(17.3±2.1)℃和(19.5±2.3)℃;逃避温度分别为(28.8±1.4)℃、(30.2±1.6)℃、(31.6±1.3)℃和(33.1±1.8)℃;致死温度分别为(32.9±1.7)℃、(33.8±1.5)℃、(35.2±1.2)℃和(36.7±0.9)℃。经过不同温度孵化10d后蝌蚪的最适温度、逃避温度和致死温度都存在显著差异。Eggs of the Chinese Frest Frog （Rana chensinensis） collected from the wild immediately after they were laid out and were incubated at five different temperatures, 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, and 30℃ in the condition of photoperiod 14L ： 10D, and 85% moisture. The cultivation period lasted 10 days. Incubation periods at each temperature level, incubation ratio, thermal threshold of development, accumulative temperature, survival rate, preferred temperature,avoidance temperature and lethal thermal temperature of tadpole incubated were recorded after 3 days incubation. Linear regression methods and direct optimum methods were used to calculate the thermal thresholds of development and accumulative incubation temperature. The incubation ratio was significantly influenced by temperature,and the survival rate decreased with the increase of incubation temperature. The body-tail length of tadpoles was significantly influenced by the incubation temperature. The thermal thresholds of development were 0.51 ℃ or 0.38 ℃ . Accumulative temperature for the incubation were 65.29 ℃·day or 65.52 ℃·day. The result of direct optimum method is better than that of linear regression method. The preferred temperature of the Chinese Forest Frog tadpoles incubated 10 days under incubation temperature were 13.2 ± 1.6 ℃, 15.7 ± 1.9 ℃, 17.3 ± 2.1 ℃ and 19.5 ± 2.3℃ ; avoidance temperature were 28.8 ± 1.4℃, 30.2 ± 1.6℃, 31.6 ± 1.3℃ and 33.1 ± 1.8℃, lethal thermal temperature were 32.9 ± 1.7℃ ,33.8 ± 1.5℃ ,35.2 ± 1.2℃ and 36.7 ± 0.9℃ ,respectively. The preferred temperature, avoidance temperature and lethal thermal temperature of tadpoles derived from eggs incubated for 10 days at 10℃ ,15℃ ,20℃ and 25℃ were significantly influenced by temperature.

关 键 词：中国林蛙 孵化 温度 最适温度 逃避温度 致死温度 

分 类 号：Q954.4[生物学—动物学]