侵华日军南京大屠杀的“德国视角”——以德国外交档案为中心  

Nanjing Massacre in German Perspective——Focusing on German Diplomatic Files

作　　者：张生[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学南京大屠杀史研究所,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2007年第1期79-94,共16页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金(06JJD770015);南京师范大学南京大屠杀研究中心2006年度南京大屠杀研究基金项目资助

摘　　要：所谓“德国视角”,是指以外交人员为主体的德国人群体对侵华日军南京大屠杀的观察、记述和分析。其中,德国驻华大使馆南京办事处政务秘书罗森,办事处行政主管沙尔芬贝格,德国驻华大使陶德曼,南京国际安全区官员拉贝、克勒格尔、施佩林等人,担当了主要角色。“德国视角”的核心价值,是以大量无可辩驳的一手资料,证明了日军在南京屠杀、奸淫、抢劫、纵火的罪行。在翔实记录中国平民和放下武器的军人遭受的苦难的同时,德国人士注意到了大屠杀对中国人抗战意志和爱国精神的激发作用。与德国人士一起,英美人士也是当时南京国际救援的主力,“英美视角”和“德国视角”之间存在广泛的互动,它们互相补充、互相印证。“德国视角”反映了德国人士伟大的人道主义精神,当然,它也以德国利益为依归。由于德国在华人士与希特勒在德国利益的理解和取舍上存在重大分歧,他们在赢得中外人士一致赞誉之后,迅速在历史舞台上消失。German Perspective refers to the observation, accounts and analysis of Nanjing Massacre by the German diplomats, among whom George Rosen （Secretary of Government Affairs ）, Scharffenberg （Chancellor of German Embassy Nanjing Office）, Trautemann （German Ambassador to China）, John Rabe, Christian Kroger and Edward Sperling （officers of Nanjing Safety Zone） turned to be leading narrators. The value of German Perspective lies in its objective record of such crimes committed by Japanese troops in Nanjing as slaughtering, raping, looting and arson with indisputable first-hand materials. While recording Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers＂ tribulation in great details, these German people sensed Chinese people＇s patriotism and their strong determination to resist the invaders, which were called forth by the Massacre. Together with these German people were British and American people, who also served as the main force of international rescue in Nanjing at the time. Much overlap can be found between British and American Perspective and German Perspecfive. Though German Perspective revealed the great humanism of these German diplomats, it was pri- marily in the interest of Germany. However, due to the big difference in the understanding of German interest by German citizens in China and by Hitler, these German people disappeared from the stage of history soon after winning the unanimous praise from Chinese people and people of the world.

关 键 词：侵华日军南京大屠杀 德国视角 英美视角 国家利益 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]