氮肥运筹对杂交苏丹草产量饲用品质及再生系数的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application strategies on yield,forage nutritive quality and regrowth coefficient of Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense

作　　者：张晓艳[1] 董树亭[1] 刘锋[2] 吴正峰[3] 叶梅[4] 

机构地区：[1]山东省作物生物学重点实验室山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省农业科学院信息中心,山东济南250100 [3]山东省农业科学院花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [4]重庆工商大学环境与生物工程学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《草业学报》2007年第1期94-99,共6页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2002BA518A13)资助

摘　　要：采用大田小区栽培试验,研究了氮肥对杂交苏丹草产量和饲用营养品质及再生系数的影响。结果表明,杂交苏丹草干物质总产量氮肥处理显著高于对照,N4处理最高,相同的施氮量分次施用比一次性施用增产效果好。氮肥处理粗蛋白(CP)含量均高于对照,头茬草CP含量最高,随收获次数增加,CP含量降低,分次施肥处理施氮量增加,CP含量降低。对照处理粗灰分(CA)含量最高,随收获次数增加CA和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量降低,无氮浸出物(NFE)含量升高。杂交苏丹草5大营养成分产量均是N4处理最高,对照最低,CP产量顺序是N4>N1>N2>N3>N0,3次收获的粗脂肪(EE)、CA、ADF、NFE总产量,均是肥料分次施用比一次性施用的处理高。各氮肥处理总能量(GE)均高于对照,其中N4处理最高,其次是N2处理,分次施肥的处理有利于总能量的增加。再生系数表现为相同施氮量分次施用处理高于一次性施用的处理,N4处理可使杂交苏丹草再生系数达到最大。比较发现,生产上采用N4(600 kg/hm2,底肥∶追肥=1∶2)处理可获得高产优质的牧草。The effects of nitrogen on yield, forage nutritive quality and regrowth coefficient of Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense were studied in a field plot experiment. Compared with the CK, dry matter yield of nitrogen treatments increased with an increase of nitrogen level, with N4 （600 kg/hm^2, Base ： Dressing= 1 ： 2） being the highest. The content of crude protein （CP） of nitrogen treatments was higher than the CK and decreased with an increase of the harvest degree and the level of N applied as a top fertilizer. The content of CP was highest at the first harvest stage （H1）, but the ether extract （EE） was highest at the second harvest stage （H2）. When harvest degree increased, the content of crude ash （CA） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） decreased, while the content of nitrogen free extract （NFE） increased. The yield of these five forage nutritive components of Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense were highest with N4 and lowest with the CK, with the yield of CP in the sequence N4〉N1〉N2〉N3〉N0. The sum yield of EE, CA, ADF and NFE of three harvest stages all showed that N applied as top fertilizer was better than as a base fertilizer. The content of gross energy （GE） of all N treatments were higher than the CK. GE of N4 treatments was the highest and N3 the second highest. All nitrogen applied as top fertilizer increased GE. The effect of N on the regrowth coefficient was similar to that of GE, with N4 the highest. In conclusion, N4 gave the highest biomass yield and better forage nutritive quality of Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense.

关 键 词：杂交苏丹草 氮肥 产量 饲用品质 再生系数 

分 类 号：S544.1[农业科学—作物学] Q945.39[生物学—植物学]