广东省禾草区系分析与经济类型概述  

Floristic Analysis and Economic Type Summary of Grasses in Guangdong Province of China

作　　者：解新明[1] 吴裕源[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2007年第1期104-112,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30671489);华南农业大学博士科研启动基金(2004B006)

摘　　要：初步统计,广东省共有禾草111属309种(包括27变种和亚种),大多数种类具有饲用价值,但优良牧草较少,约占总种数的32.4%。在属的组成上,单型属、单种属和寡种属占绝对优势,合计占总属数的83.8%。各草种的生活型以多年生为主,占63.1%;水分生态类型中,以中生植物为优势,所占比例为72.2%,水生或湿生禾草占7.2%,旱生禾草仅占10.7%;从光合途径来看,C4禾草占76.4%,是广东禾草的优势代谢途径。就属的区系成分而言,不同的分布区类型多达11个,其中泛热带分布型占总属数的43.2%;旧世界热带分布型占17.1%;热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布型占10.8%;热带亚洲分布型占9.9%;再加上东亚及热带南美洲间断分布和热带亚洲至热带非洲分布类型,共95属,占总属数的85.6%,构成了广东禾草区系的主体,充分说明了广东禾草的热带性质。与邻近省区的比较结果说明,广东的禾草区系具有从温带到亚热带再到热带的过渡性特点,是华夏禾草区系的核心地区之一,同时也显示了热带区系与亚热带区系有着不可分割的统一性。By means of preliminary statistical analysis, there are 111 genera and 309 species including 27 varieties and subspecies in grass flora of Guangdong province. Most species can be used as the forage grass, but the rate of good forage species only is 32.40% in total. In addition, the grass flora also comprises other many kinds of resources, such as turf, water and Soil conservation, as well as aroma, fiber, bioenergy and medicine plants. As for composition of genus, the monotypic, mono-specific and oligo-specific genera have the advantage of others, accounting for 83. 8% in total genera. In habitat types of species, the perennial type is 63.1% of total. The moisture ecotypes consist of 72.20% of mesophyte, 17.2% of hydrophyte or hygrophyte and 10.7% of xerophyte, respectively. In the meanwhile, the C4 grasses are major type in different photosynthetic pathways of grasses, accounting for 76.4% in total species. As far as the floristic elements are concerned, there are 11 different areal types. Among them, the Pantropic type account for 43.2% of total genera, sequentially the Old world tropic type 17.1%, the Tropic Asia to Tropic Oceania type 10.80%and the Tropic Asia 9. 9%. These four types plus the East Asia and Tropic America disjuncted type and the Tropic Asia to Tropic Africa type, which have 95 genera and account for 85. 6%of total, structure the principal part of Guangdong grass flora, fully indicating tropic quality of this flora. According to the result of comparison between Guangdong and other areas, the grass flora posses the characteristic of gradual change from temperate zone to subtropics again to tropic, and is one of cores in Cathaysian, indicating that tropical and subtropical region are an unity in floristic composition.

关 键 词：禾本科 禾草资源 区系分析 广东 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]