长期定位施肥对农田土壤酶活性及其相关因素的影响  

Changes in soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and soil nutrition status in response to fertilization regimes in a long-term field experiment

作　　者：王俊华[1] 尹睿[1] 张华勇[1] 林先贵[1] 陈瑞蕊[1] 钦绳武[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室//中国科学院南京土壤研究所-香港浸会大学土壤与环境联合开放实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《生态环境》2007年第1期191-196,共6页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-408);国家重点基础研究发展规划("973")项目(2005CB121108)

摘　　要：利用中国科学院封丘农业生态国家实验站潮土农田生态系统养分平衡长期定位试验地,研究不同施肥处理对土壤酶活性的影响及其年际变化,以及对土壤养分和微生物生物量的影响。结果发现,土壤脱氢酶、转化酶、脲酶及磷酸酶的活性在长期不同施肥处理之后均产生较大的差异,总体上是施肥高于不施肥,施肥处理间从高到低依次是OM(有机肥)、1/2OM+1/2NPK、NPK、NP、PK、NK。同时,土壤脱氢酶活性随着年限的增加逐渐下降,转化酶与磷酸酶的活性趋于增高,而脲酶活性的年际变化规律在不同施肥处理间互不相同。另外,OM与1/2OM+1/2NPK处理的土壤微生物生物量C、N最高,而施化肥处理中只有NPK处理的微生物生物量N显著高于不施肥对照,其它处理与对照没有显著差异。结果表明,长期施用有机肥更有利于保育土壤生物化学环境质量。Changes in soil enzyme activities were investigated in 2002-2005 as well as soil microbial biomass and nutrition status in 2005 in response to a series of fertilization regimes in a long-term field experiment. The long-term field experiment is carried out to evaluate nutrition equipoise in a fluvo-aquic soil by the Fengqiu National Agro-Ecological Experiment Station in Fengqi, China under different fertilization treatments, which included control （CK）, nitrogen ＋ potassium （NK）, phosphorus ＋ potassium （PK）, nitrogen ＋ phosphorus ＋ potassium （NPK）, organic manure （OM）, and 1.2 OM ＋ 1/2 NPK. Results showed that soil enzyme activities （dehydrogenase, invertase, urease, and phosphatase） significantly differed with a similar pattern among fertilization regimes regardless of sampling time. A general decline order among the fertilization regimes was observed as OM 〉 1/2 OM ＋ 1/2 NPK 〉 NPK 〉 NP, PK, NK. Activity ofdehydrogenase gradually decreased over time regardless of fertilization treatment while activities of invertase and phosphatase tended to increase yearly. However, activity of urease varied with time and fertilization treatment. In addition, the organic manure treatments （OM or 1/2 OM ＋ 1/2 NPK） resulted in greater sizes of soil microbial biomass （both carbon and nitrogen） than the chemical fertilizer treatments and non-fertilizer control. It suggests that organic manure application, full or partly as fertilizer, will improve or conserve soil quality, especially benefical to soil biochemical properties.

关 键 词：长期定位施肥 土壤酶活性 微生物生物量 土壤养分 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]