葛洲坝下中华鲟自然繁殖流速场的初步观测  

An observation on water current profiles of spawning of Acipenser sinensis downward Gezhouba Dam

作　　者：张辉[1] 危起伟[1] 杨德国[1] 杜浩[1] 张慧杰[1] 陈细华[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部淡水鱼类种质资源与生物技术重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2007年第2期183-191,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(30490231);国家社会公益研究专项(2000DIB50177;2004DIB3J099);国家基础性工作重点专项(2002DEA1004);湖北省水产管理办公室项目(20060102)

摘　　要：2004和2005年10~11月间,在中华鲟产卵区葛洲坝至庙咀江段利用声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)对中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)自然繁殖期间的流速进行了测量。在该江段沿水流方向设置监测断面共20个,其中2004年设12个(编号1~12),2005新增8个(编号A^H)。监测结果表明,产卵区内所有断面平均流速变化范围为72.99~175.23 cm/s,平均值为(128.89±26.28)cm/s;产卵区内12、和4号断面的垂向平均流速值较其他断面约高2.10 cm/s;从A至12号断面,各断面的平均流向大约从225.91°下降至164.39°,并且产卵区内1、2和4号断面的流向变幅较大,变异系数比其他断面约高18.4%;下产卵区内脉动流速测量结果表明平均流速变化较大,而平均流向变化相对较小,变异系数分别为7.1%和2.9%;葛洲坝下所进行的河势调整工程使中华鲟产卵场内的流速发生了较大程度的改变,主要表现为在导流堤两侧形成了一个流速较缓的区域。导流堤的建设可能会导致上产卵区的位置改变甚至消失,下产卵区改变其具体位置。Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis Gray, is an anadromous fish. Before damming of Yangtze River by Gezhouba Dam in January 1981, spawning grounds for A. sinensis were distributed in the section from the upper Yangtze above Huling to the lower Jinsha River below Xinshi, covering about 600 km river length. At least 16 historical spawning grounds were reported. However, only one permanent spawning ground has been found in the downstream of Gezhouba Dam. It is in a narrow area with 7 km length,just below the Gezhouba dam. The stock assessment of A. sinensis suggested that the major source of complementary colony is still naturally reproducting. A. sinensis requires certain water temperature, moderate bottom velocity, and turbidity condition to spawn successfully. Due to the restriction of experiment instruments, research on water current for natural reproduction of A. sinensis still remains on a primary stage. In spawning season （Oct. and Nov. ） of A. sinensis in 2004 and 2005, we measured water velocity profiles in the spawning reach between Gezhouba Dam and Miaozui in Yangtze River by ADCP. Twelve transects（Nos. 1- 12） were set in the reach,in which permanent spawning sites of A. sinensis were located in 2004 and another eight transects（Nos. A- H） were added in 2005. The results showed that vdodty range within transects in the spawning sites was 72.99 ± 175.23 cm/s, averaging （ 128.89 ± 26.28） cm/s. Average vertical velocity component within transects （Nos. 1,2 and 4） in the spawning sites was 2.10 cm/s higher than others. From No. A to No. 12 ,average velocity direction descended from 225.91° to 164. 39°（ taking the north direction as 0）,and range of velocity direction of transects （Nos. 1,2 and 4） in spawning sites was greater, with coefficient of variation 18.4% higher than others. The results of fluctuating velocity in the downstream spawning sites showed that variation of average velocity magnitude was large, but average velocity direction was small relatively, and the coef

关 键 词：中华鲟 长江 葛洲坝 自然繁殖 流速 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]