遥感数据支持下不同地表覆盖的区域蒸散  

Regional evapotranspiration of different land covers based on remote sensing

作　　者：何延波 Z．Su L．Jia 王石立[4] 

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081 [2]International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation （ ITC ）, Hengelosestraat 99, P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands [3]Alterra Green World Research Wageningen University and Research Centre,Droevendaalsesteeg 3, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen , The Netherlands [4]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第2期288-296,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：荷兰"Drought Risk Reduction"项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目(40275035)

摘　　要：将地表能量平衡系统(SEBS)扩展成遥感日蒸散估算模型,利用MODIS遥感数据估算了黄淮海地区的区域蒸散,并在地理信息系统的支持下分析了不同地表覆盖下的区域蒸散统计分布特征.在缺乏各地表覆盖类型相应蒸散量实测值进行对比的情况下,以2001年4月17日估算的日蒸散量为例,通过各地表覆盖类型日蒸散量间的相互对比分析表明,SEBS估算的区域日蒸散量具有一定的合理性.分析结果表明:在黄淮海地区,荒地具有最低的蒸散量;森林、灌木、草地等地表覆盖类型具有中等的蒸散量;而水体、湿地以及耕地具有较高的蒸散量.可能由于包含绿地和水面,城镇用地的蒸散量也较高.土壤含水量的空间差异性导致森林、灌木、草地和耕地等地表覆盖类型的蒸散量具有明显的空间差异性.耕地蒸散量的空间差异性可以为制定合理、高效的农田灌溉计划提供指示作用.SEBS遥感日蒸散模型的局限性在于有可能低估水体和湿地等地表覆盖类型的蒸散量.In this paper, surface energy balance system （SEBS） was extended into a regional daily evapotranspiration （ET） estimation model based on remote sensing data, and the extended SEBS was applied to estimate the regional daily ET of Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe rivers region in Northern China Plain by using MODIS/TERRA data. An analysis was made on the estimated daily ET characteristics of different land covers in the study area by using thespatial analysis module of AreGIS. Since there were no field observations of ET on each land cover, the estimated daily ET of different land covers was compared with each other, taking the data on April 17, 2001 as an example. The results showed that the regional daily ET estimated by SEBS was reasonable. Wetland and cultivated land had the highest daily ET value, followed by forest-, bush- and grassland, and waste land. The characteristics of the daily ET over these land covers were accorded with the existing knowledge of ET over this region, and coincident to the results of previous work in this area. It was interesting that the residential area also had a higher ET value, which was explained as the higher ET of the land use types, e.g. , water body, street trees, and grass parcels in the resident areas within the pixel scale. The spatial inhomogeneity of ET among the forest-, bush-, grass- and cultivated land covers were caused by the spatial inhomogeneous soil water content under these land covers, and the spatial inhomogeneity of ET over cultivated land could be a potential indicator of making reasonable and effective irrigation schedule for the farmland. The limitations of using SEBS model in daily ET estimation were discussed, especially the possibility of underestimating the ET over water body and wetland covers due to the unsuitable surface parameterization scheme for these land types in the model.

关 键 词：蒸散 遥感 地理信息系统 黄淮海地区 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]