益母草(Leonurus artemisia)灭螺效果研究  

Studies on the Molluscicidal Activity of Leonurus Artemisia to Oncomelania Hupensis

作　　者：廖博儒[1] 王万贤 张佳磊[3] 张勇[3] 侯金华[3] 舒丽慧[3] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学张家界校区,张家界427000 [2]不详 [3]湖北大学生命科学学院,武汉430062

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2006年第C00期403-406,411,共5页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30471506);湖北省中药生物技术重点实验室基金(4300620103)

摘　　要：本实验研充分别采用益母草的根、茎、叶的0．10、0．25、0．50、2．00、1．00g／L和水苏碱的0．20、0．40、0．60、0．80、1．00g/L 5个不同浓度梯度的处理液处理钉螺，设清水和0．001g／L浓度的氯硝柳胺溶液为对照。结果表明：（1）益母草各部分的水浸液均有很好的灭螺效果。用不同浓度的处理液浸杀钉螺，在不同时间的处理下，钉螺死亡率存在差异，其钉螺死亡率是随处理浓度的增加和时间的延长呈上升趋势，0．5g／L以上的益母草根、茎、叶、化水浸液和浓度达0．60g／L以上的水苏碱处理液均可达到100％的明显毒杀钉螺致死效果，与通常使用浓度0．0001g／L氯硝柳胺溶液的灭螺效果相当，不过益母苹根、茎、叶水浸液的毒效较氯硝柳胺略慢，用0．0001g／L氯硝柳胺溶液处理钉螺2—3d可达100％的死亡率，而用0．5g／L以上的益母草根、茎、叶水浸液水溶液处理需要3—5d才能达到同样的效果；灭螺效果顺序依次为：叶〉茎〉根。（2）钉螺趋避性研究表明水苏碱和益母草根、茎和叶的处理液对钉螺具有明显的驱逐作用，而盐酸益母草碱几乎没有作用。由此获得化感作用植物益母草灭螺的化学生态学证据。为研制新的具中国特色的植物成份灭螺剂打下了基础。并为合成仿生灭螺剂以及最终构建生态工程中强化感作用植物群落灭螺提供理论依据。In the present study, five concentrations of the root,stem and leave of Leonurus artemisia（0. 10, 0.25, 0. 5, 1.0,2.0 g/L）, and stachydrine （0.20,0.40,0.60,0.80,1.00g/L） were used to treat O. hupensis, and treatments of O. hupensis with 1 mg/L niclosamidum and dechlorided water were set as control. Our results show： （ 1 ） The root,stem, leave and stachydrine of Leonurus artemisia are effective in the treatment of O. hupensis. The mortality accelerates when there is a increase in the concentration and the duration of treatment. The mortality is 100% when treated either with Leomurus artemisi or niclosamidum. The treatment with 0.5g/L of root,stem ,leave and 0.60g/L of stachydrine of Leomurus artemisi has a duration of 3 - 5d. , whereas with 0.001g/L niclosamidum the treatment is quicker, with a duration of 2 - 3d. The molluscicidal effect of the leave is the strongest, in comparison the effect of the root is the weakest. （2） The research of the taxis and avoidance of O. hupensis shows the stachydrine and the root,stem and leave of Leomurus artemisi is effective , but the effectiveness of leonurine hydrochloride is insignificant. We have obtained chemiecological evidence that Leonurus artemisia is capable of killing O. hupensis. These results provide the foundation for developing new plant molluscacide, and scientific grounds for synthesizing biomimetic molluscacide and constructing plant community to destroy O. hupensis.

关 键 词：益母草 钉螺 化感作用 生态工程灭螺 拉制血吸虫病 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]