定向交尾技术在中国对虾家系构建中的初步研究  

The preliminary study of directional mating technology in genealogy construction of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

作　　者：罗坤[1] 张天时[1] 孔杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所

出　　处：《海洋水产研究》2007年第1期71-75,共5页Marine Fisheries Research

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划863项目(2005AA603210);中挪合作项目"对虾复合育种技术";山东省自然科学基金(Y2004D05)共同资助

摘　　要：为满足中国对虾家系选育中所需的家系材料，本研究在2004年进行了中国对虾室外和室内定向交尾实验。室外定向交尾实验采用3个不同地理群体的中国对虾，设计了5个交配组合，1尾雄虾搭配4尾雌虾，自然温度下让亲虾交尾，获得了5％的平均交尾率；室内定向交尾实验通过控制水温和密度，促使中国对虾交尾，获得了16．9％的平均交尾率。其中，室内交尾的温度实验设计了12、14、16、18℃4个梯度，雌、雄性别比例均为4：1，x^2检验分析表明，4个温度梯度的交尾率存在差异，其中14℃平均交尾率最高，为31．3％，12℃平均交尾率最低，为6．3％。实验结果表明，室外定向交尾的影响因素较多，不容易控制，很难满足建立大量家系的需要；室内定向交尾在14～16℃的水温条件下，采用雌、雄性剐比例为4：1，可获得较好的交尾效果。本实验结果为大规模建立中国对虾全同胞和半同胞家系奠定了基础，为中国对虾进一步育种工作提供了依据。The outdoor and indoor experiments of directional mating of Fenneropenaeus chinensis were carried out in 2004, aiming to meet the demand of mated shrimps for genealogical selective breeding. In outdoor directional mating experiment, five mating combinations of shrimp from three different geographical communities were set up, with the male and female being in the ratio of one to four. Then the average mating rate of 5 % was obtained. In indoor directional mating experiment, four grades of temperature （12 ℃, 14 ℃, 16 ℃, 18℃） were projected with the same sex ratio as above-mentioned. By adjusting water temperature and shrimp density, a higher average mating rate of 16.9 % was achieved. Nevertheless, it was found, through x^2-test, that there existed significantly differences among tne average mating rates at the four temperatures, the highest average mating rate of 31.3 % being acquire at 14℃ and the lowest average mating rate of 6.3% being obtained at 12 ℃. The experiment results indicated that multiple factors could produce effects on outdoor directional mating, and that they are difficult of being mastered. In indoor directional mating experiment, however, preferable mating rates could be achieved by adopting the female and male sex ratio of 4 to 1 and controlling the water temperature. The present study might lay a foundation for establishing full-and half-sibs genealogy of Fenneropenaeus chinensis, and provide scientific basis for shrimp breeding.

关 键 词：定向交尾 中国对虾 家系构建 交尾率 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学] S961.2