纯林、混交林型园林绿地的生态效益  

The ecological effects between pure woodland and mixed of urban green space

作　　者：刘娇妹[1] 李树华[1] 吴菲[1] 刘剑[1] 张志国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学观赏园艺与园林系,100091

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第2期674-684,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30671718)~~

摘　　要：试验选择元大都城垣遗址公园西段4块不同结构类型的绿地为研究对象,即草坪、刺槐纯林、油松纯林、刺槐-油松混交林,每一块试验地的面积在1000m2左右,进行了连续8d的测试,通过试验观测与调查资料的分析,得出4块不同结构类型的园林绿地在水平方向和垂直方向上温度、湿度、风速的分布规律及差异。结果表明,在水平方向上,在3种天气条件下,油松纯林的水平日平均温度最低、相对湿度最高;在晴朗天气一天中的高温时段,草坪的温度最高,相对湿度最低,刺槐-油松混交林的相对湿度最高,温度最低。在水平方向上,经SPSS方差分析,4种绿地间的温、湿度差异均达到显著水平(α=0.05)。在垂直方向上,4种绿地的温度随着高度的升高逐渐升高,而相对湿度则随着高度的升高而逐渐降低;相对于其他绿地,混交林的温度和相对湿度变化比较复杂。刺槐-油松混交林的降温增湿效果最好,草坪的降温增湿效果最差。混交林型绿地降低风速的效果好于2种纯林。根据4种绿地在夏季的降温增湿效应提出混交林是园林绿地中生态效益较好的植物配置模式并提出了营造城市园林绿地植物景观的建议。The ecological benefits on urban green space of Yuan Da-Du Park in Beijing were studied in this paper. Four kinds of green space（ the lawn, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pinus tabulaeformis and the mixed woodland） were studied in this experiment. Every trial site area was about 1000m^2 and the experiment was lasted for eight days sequentially. In this study, air temperature , relative humidity and wind speed were continuously measured in the four green spaces for horizontal and vertical direction in June, 2006. The results were as follows： On horizontal direction, for Pinus tabulaeformis woodland, the all-day average temperature was lowest and the RH was highest in different three climate conditions. In the high temperature duration of the day, the temperature of lawn was the highest and the RH was the lowest ; for mixed woodland, the temperature was lowest ; for Pinus tabulaeformis, the RH was the highest. And in overcast day, Robinia pseudoacacia woodland all-day average temperature was and RH in four green spaces were different significantly at 0.05 level. On vertical direction, the four green spaces of all-day average temperature increase with highest. The temperature the height. The all-day average relative humidity almost descends with height. In the high temperature duration of the day, the average temperature of the lawn and Pinus tabulaeformis woodland descend with height, but Robinia pseudoacacia, woodland and the mixed vary undulated. In addition, on the effect of lowering wind speed, mixed woodland better than other green spaces. Based on these results, the effects of the mixed woodland on lowering temperature, increasing relative humidity and lowering speed wind are best. Therefore, the mixed woodland is the best choice of planting works. At last, we give some advice for plant landscape building.

关 键 词：园林绿地 混交林 生态效益 温度 相对湿度 风速 

分 类 号：S731[农业科学—林学] Q948[生物学—植物学]