白洋淀几种不同食性鱼类对六六六、DDT的富集  

A STUDY ON BIOACCUMULATION OF BHC AND DDT IN FISH MUSCLES OF DIFFERENT FOOD STRUCTURE FROM BAIYANGDIAN LAKE

作　　者：窦薇[1] 赵忠宪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物所

出　　处：《环境科学进展》1996年第6期51-56,共6页

基　　金：中国科学院"八五"重点项目

摘　　要：对白洋淀几种不同食性鱼体内六六六和ＤＤＴ残留量分析表明，草食性鱼体内农药残留量最少，六六六含量为５９．３μｇ／ｋｇ，ＤＤＴ含量为２９．６μｇ／ｋｇ；其次是杂食性鱼类，六六六含量为９０．４μｇ／ｋｇ，ＤＤＴ含量为１０８．５μｇ／ｋｇ；肉食性鱼体内农药残留量最高，六六六含量为１１０．７μｇ／ｋｇ，ＤＤＴ含量为１２４．４μｇ／ｋｇ。鱼体对ＤＤＴ的浓缩因子为３１１～１２４４，明显高于六六六的１７７～３６８。鱼体内ＢＨＣ４种异构体的残留顺序为δ＞α＞γ＞β，与其在水体中的比例α＞γ＞δ＞β略有不同。鱼体内ＤＤＴ主要以代谢物ｐ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＥ的形式存在，但个别样品中少量的ｐ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＤ及ｏ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＴ的检出，表明白洋淀水生生态系统最近受到ＤＤＴ的轻度污染。本项研果与１９７５～１９７７年检测结果进行比较；白洋淀鱼体内六六六残留量显著下降，下降率为１５．８％～７９．２％；ＤＤＴ残留量却明显增加（草食性鱼类除外），增加率约为４７．８％～９７．８％。BHC、DDT and their metabolites were analysed in different fish muscle samples from Duancun area of Baiyangdian Lake in June, 1995. Significant difference of the organochlorine pesticide content in fish muscles appeared with different food structure. Levels of insecticide residue in omnivores were much higher than that of herbivores, average concentration of Σ BHC and Σ DDT in the former were 90.4 μg/kg and 108.5 μg/kg, respectively, mean values of Σ BHC and Σ DDT in the latter were 59.3 μg/kg and 29.6 μg/kg,respectively. In all fish species, the carnivores had the highest residue content with 110.7 μg/kg of Σ BHC and 124.4 μ g/kg of Σ DDT. None of the specimens detected had residue levels above the extraneous residue limits of our country. DDT had a much profound bioaccumulation potential than BHC, for the bioconcentration factor of DDT(311～1244) in fish muscles was well above that of BHC (177～368). BHC isomers seemed to change their conformation in the cycling between environment and biota for the ratio of BHC isomers measured in fish muscles (δ>α>γ>β)was different from that in water (α>γ>δ>β).The predominant DDT metabolite in fish muscles was p,p' DDE,o,p' DDT and p,p' DDD which were less stable compounds were aslo monitored in some fish samples, indicating a recent input of DDT to Baiyangdian Lake ecosystem. When the present data set was compared with that of 1975～1977, a marked decrease of Σ BHC with the ratio of reduction ranged from 15.8% to 79.2% and a profound increase of Σ DDT with the ratio of increase ranged from 47.8% to 97.8% excepting for the herbivores, were observed in fish muscles.

关 键 词：白洋淀水生生态系统 DDT 六六六 残留量 鱼类 食性 

分 类 号：X592.032.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]