非包膜缓释复合肥养分释放特性及小麦对养分的吸收  

Release characteristics of nutrients of uncoated slow release compound fertilizer and nutrient uptake of wheat

作　　者：董燕[1] 王正银[1] 田秀英[1] 朱红霞[1] 苏胜齐[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2007年第2期36-41,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划项目(No2001AA246022和2004AA246020)资助

摘　　要：采用土壤恒温培养模拟和盆栽试验方法研究了非包膜缓释复合肥（SRF）和普通复合肥（CCF）氮、磷、钾养分在土壤中的释放特性与小麦吸收氮、磷、钾养分的关系，以评价其在“土壤-作物”体系中的适应性。结果表明，非包膜缓释复合肥在土壤中氮、磷、钾养分的缓释能力优于普通复合肥，且各养分释放量以氮〉钾〉磷，与小麦的需肥特性相一致。盆栽小麦生育前期吸收普通复合肥的养分多于非包膜缓释复合肥，中、后期则相反，显示非包膜缓释复合肥的养分释放规律较普通复合肥能更好地符合小麦各生育期对养分的需求。与普通复合肥料相比，非包膜缓释复合肥肥效更好，分别提高小麦地上部、地下部、籽粒和总产量18．O％、7．55％、12．4％、14．9％；分别提高氮、磷、钾养分表观利用率23．6％，15．4％和63．7％。两种复合肥的3种养分累积释放量和小麦累积吸收量随时间变化的动态过程均可用三次回归方程表征（r=0．9285～～0．9968^＊＊），非包膜缓释复合肥氮素养分释放的拟合度高于普通复合肥，非包膜缓释复合肥的作物适应性更优。Simulation of soil incubation and pot experiment methods were adopted to study the release characteristics of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of uncoated slow-release compound fertilizer（SRF） and common compound fertilizer（CCF）, and effect on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of wheat, in order to evaluate SRF in ＂soil-plant＂ system. Results showed that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of SRF had better slow release capability than those of CCF in simulated soil incubation experiment. The release quantities of the three nutrients were in the order of N〉K〉P and were in similar to nutrient characteristics of wheat. Before tillering stage, the nutrient uptake by wheat of CCF was higher than those of SRF. But after this stage, there was in reverse order. Compared to the CCF, SRF could increase the root, shoot, seed, and yield by 18.0%, 7.55%, 12.4%, and 14. 9%, respectively. And the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies of SRF were increased by 23.6%, 15.4% and 63.7%, respectively. The dynamics of nutrient release of two compound fertilizers could be quantitatively described by cubic regression equation （r = 0. 9285^＊＊～ 0. 9968^＊＊）. As a result, the effect of SRF was better than CCF in ＂soil-plant＂ system.

关 键 词：非包膜缓释复合肥 氮 磷 钾养分 释放特性 小麦 产量 养分利用率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]