水分平衡基础上的小流域水土保持林配置模式探讨  

Protective Forest System at Small Watershed in the Gullied-hilly Loess Area Based on Water Balance on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：魏天兴[1] 朱金兆[1] 张建军[1] 毕华兴[1] 朱清科[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2007年第1期179-183,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：973项目课题"流域生态水文过程的尺度效应与转换方法(2002CB111503)";教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金"黄土区小流域防护林空间分布格局影响流域径流和泥沙产量的研究";"九五"国家科技攻关专题(96-07-01-01);"十五"国家重点科技攻关专题"黄河中游黄土丘陵沟壑区(吉县)退耕还林还草区水土保持型植被建设综合技术研究与示范(2001BA510B0101)"的部分内容

摘　　要：就山西西南部黄土残塬沟壑与丘陵沟壑区小流域水土保持林体系配置问题进行探讨。在遵循以小流域为设计对象单元,针对水土流失影响因子因害设防,层层设防的防护林体系配置的理论基础上,提出从林地和流域的水分平衡出发,小流域防护林体系应采取合理的配置模式、促进天然植被恢复与人工造林促进植被恢复形成合理的林分结构,防护林体系应基于小流域的水分生态环境合理分布,在不同地貌部位的合理配置应遵循不同立地可承载生物量的极限值,适度造林,作到林水平衡,达到合理的植物配置模式和稳定林分结构,形成良性的水文生态环境,保证水土保持功能持续稳定。研究地区试验流域在森林覆盖率达到34%时,分布合理,侵蚀沟在封育状况好时,均可达到产流量小于允许侵蚀量。疏林地、林草间作林地、带状绿篱、未破坏的天然灌木和天然草地,稀疏林地就能够使产沙量小于允许值,并且林地具有较好的水分状况。The research is about the protection forest in the small watershed scale in the gullied-hilly loess area on Loess Plateau. The result puts forward arrangement pattern of protective forest system that is based on soil and water conservation function and water balance. Basing on prevent erosions, layer upon layer fortify direction idea, put forward deploying pattern of fence forests systems. Takes the fathering pattern of integration of combination of forestlands and grasses, closing-up hillsides to facilitate afforestation and manual plantation, the pattern of integration of biology and engineering. The principle is adept trees for site conditions and the water balance of forestland. Appropriate forest density and vegetation coverage is the important basis and artificial control measures for spatial arrangement and design of stable stand structure of protection forest systems. The experiments show the results in the Southwest Shanxi Province on the Loess Plateau. For the watershed scale, the sediment yield is less than the permission amount if the forest coverage is more than 34% and good statue in the small watershed. For the hillslope seale, the sediment yield is less than the permission amount in the shrub land, nature grassland, sparsely forestland, mixed forest and grassland.

关 键 词：黄土高原 水土保持 水分平衡 小流域 防护林 

分 类 号：S157.433[农业科学—土壤学]