液压喷播在黄土地区边坡植被建植中的应用研究  

The Use of Hydro-seeding Technology for Side Slope Revegetation on Loess Plateau

作　　者：陈学平[1] 江玉林[2] 宋志强 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]交通部科学研究院可持续发展研究中心,北京100029 [3]青海省高等级公路建设管理局,西宁810008

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2007年第1期266-269,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：西部交通建设科技项目:公路路域生态工程技术研究(200331822333);青海省交通厅科技项目:青海省高等级公路路域生态环境恢复适用技术研究

摘　　要：液压喷播技术是从国外引进的边坡快速绿化播种工程技术，目前在我国南方得到大规模应用，但在水土流失较为严重的黄土地区应用效果不理想。为解决黄土地区喷播植被群落建设问题，开展了微环境改良技术（土壤改良、覆盖改良）、植物选择与配比、边坡坡向等不同处理措施对植被建植的影响研究。结果表明：边坡开挖水平阶截持水分量是未处理的1．75倍，初始植株保存数量较未处理高82．5％；覆盖稻草与遮光网下的截持水量是覆盖无纺布的1．14倍与1．71倍，最高，遮光网与无纺布覆盖下初始植株保存数量分别为麦草覆盖下的43％与52％；麦草比无纺布覆盖下植被盖度高5％～23．7％；柠条＋外来草种与唐古特白刺＋本地草种当年生长季末盖度可分别达到59％和56．5％，第2年为52．5％和77．5％。研究指出，黄土地区边坡土壤可蚀性强，喷播层易于流失，干旱、盐碱性突出等因素是造成喷播植被难以建成的主要原因，进行微环境改良、选择乡土灌木＋乡土草种组合可以成功建植液压喷播植被，实现持续效果。Hydro-seeding technology is introduced from abroad for rapid revegetation of side slope and is used mostly in southern China. But in Loess Plateau it＇s not so effective. For this reason, microenvironment improvements and other measures were conducted which include different seedbed treatment, cover measures, combination of plant selection and aspects effect of slope. Results show, water retain for level steps is 1.75 times of that of non-treatment, while the original seedlings＇ survival is 82.5 % higher than the latter. Seedlings＇ survival under the cover of light shelter and non-woven-cloth was 43 % and 52 % of the amount or the cover of straw. Vegetation coverage under straw was 5% -23. 7% higher than that under non-woven-cloth. Coverage for combination of Caragan korshinskili and extraneous grass species and that of Nitraria tangutica and rural grass species at the end of growth period in the first year averaged 59 % and 56.5 %, while 52. 5 % and 77. 5 % for the second year. Studies show the reasons limits establishment of hydroseeding vegetation includes： soil particles for roadside slope was prone to loss, hydroseeding material was susceptible eroded, drought and high salt and alkali for soil. Micro-environment improvements, selection of rural shrubs and rural grass species can successfully establish hydroseeding vegetation, and ensure its long effect.

关 键 词：液压喷播 黄土地区 植被恢复 边坡 微环境改良 植物选择 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] X171.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]