从人员疏散的角度研究公路隧道的横通道间距  

Optimization of the Passageway Interval in Tunnels from a Point of View of People Evacuation

作　　者：杨高尚[1] 彭立敏[1] 彭建国[2] 张进华[2] 安永林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木建筑学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]湖南省交通规划勘察设计院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《灾害学》2007年第1期44-49,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：西部交通建设科技项目(20033179802)子课题

摘　　要：隧道的横通道作为人员疏散的安全地带,其间距的设置在人员安全疏散中是至关重要的。以雪峰山隧道为工程实例,从人员安全疏散的观点出发,阐述了一种计算横通道间距的方法,并简述了方法的应用。首先根据特长隧道火灾特点,模拟分析特长隧道四种不同火灾场景下的典型自然疏散过程,并运用火灾模拟软件FDS4.0计算四种火灾场景在不同横通道间距情况下的危险时间,然后与相应的包含人员疏散行为特征的疏散时间相比较,得出该隧道最适宜的横通道间距为270m,并分析其经济性。其方法和结论可为特长隧道消防系统的设计、紧急疏散方案和引导指挥体系的建立提供理论依据。The passageway between tunnels is a safe place for evacuation. Right setting of passageway intervals is crucial for safe evacuation. Taking Xuefeng tunnel as an example, a method to calculate passageway intervals and its application are described in terms safe evacuation. First, we simulate the natural process for four typical fire scenarios, in which the characteristics of fire in extra-long tunnel are considered, and then using fire simulation software FDS 4. 0, we calculate the risk time for different passageway intervals in four fire cases. With the additional consideration for the corresponding people involved in such cases, the economic passageway interval for Xue-feng tunnel is 270 m. This offers us a theoretical basis for design of tunnel fire system and establishment of emergency evacuation program and command system.

关 键 词：特长隧道 隧道火灾 人员安全疏散 横通道间距 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学] U492.82[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]