低功率电弧加热发动机的热效率  

Thermal efficiency of a low power arcjet

作　　者：唐皇哉[1] 赵文华[1] 侯凌云[1] 刘政胤[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第2期232-235,共4页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(60574031)

摘　　要：低功率电弧加热发动机的比冲较小，提高发动机效率对于低功率电弧加热发动机的成功应用十分重要。该文在原有电弧加热发动机基础上进行改进，设计了覆盖发动机阳极的环形空腔，形成再生冷却通道。实验中采用氩为推进剂，在典型工况下将发动机的比冲和效率与原电弧加热发动机进行对比。当发动机的工作电流从4A增大至12A时，原发动机的比冲为980～1323Ns／kg，新发动机比冲为1450～1627Ns／kg。相同工况下，原发动机效率为21％～23％，新发动机效率为32％～53％。实验结果说明再生冷却技术能显著提高低功率电弧加热发动机的效率。Improvement of efficiencies will enhance applications of low power arc jets. An annular cavity placed around the anode of arcjet was designed to form a regenerative cooling channel on the base of an arc jet. Argon was used as propellant in the experiments. When the arcjet current was increased from 4 A to 12 A, the specific impulse of the original arcjet was from 980 Ns/kg to 1 323 Ns/kg, where the specific impulse of the new arcjet was from 1 450 Ns/kg to 1 627 Ns/kg. For the same conditions, the thermal efficiency of the original arcjet was from 21% to 32%, where the thermal efficiency of the new arcjet was from 32% to 52%. The results show that regenerative cooling can remarkably improve the efficiency of low power arc jets.

关 键 词：电弧加热发动机 效率 再生冷却 

分 类 号：V23[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]