制电线作业工人职业危害调查  

SURVEY OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS IN A CABLE WORKS

作　　者：富天玲 汤森元 陈彩秀 杨明茂 梁秀兰 

机构地区：[1]武汉市劳动卫生职业病防治院

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》1996年第5期271-273,共3页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：本文对某电线厂制电线作业工人４７名，对照组２７人，进行了全面的体检和职业危害调查。发现制电线工人在聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）的电器生产中，接触了氯乙烯单体、酚、甲醛和复杂的多环芳烃物等多种有毒有害因素。出现了神经衰弱综合征者１３人，占２８％。肝脏受损，肝大及肝功能异常的有１６人，占３４％。红细胞、血红蛋白及免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ也受到了不同程度的影响。外周血淋巴细胞微核率接触组为１．６１±０．７２‰，明显高于对照组，差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。从而较全面了解了制电线作业工人的多种化学物的职业危害。Physical examination of 47 cable makers (17 males and 30 females, age 23-50, working age 0. 5-30 yrs. with a mean of 7 yrs.) of a cable works was conducted, and their occupational exposures were monitored. 27 healthy subjects ( 8 males and 19 females) were taken as the control. It was observed that there existed various hazardous chemicals at the work sites, such as vinylchloride, phenol, formaldehyde and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 13 workers had neurasthenia syndrome (28%) and 16 workers had hepatic injury consisting of hepatomegaly and hepatic malfunction (34%). Their red blood cell haemoglubin, IgG and IgM were damaged in various extent and were lower than those in the control group (P<0. 05). The mean occurrence rate of micronuclei of peripheral blood lymphocytes in exposed groups was (1. 61±0. 72‰ ,n=47) which was significantly higher than those of the control groups (0. 19±0. 02‰, n= 27) (P=0. 01 ) and it increased with the length of the working age. It is essential to organize the workers' periodical medical check-up and long-term dynamic observation, and also to take measures to improve the working conditions in order to prevent the occupational diseases.

关 键 词：氯乙烯 多环芳烃 免疫球蛋白 微核 电线工 

分 类 号：R135.14[医药卫生—劳动卫生]