测土推荐施锌对水稻产量结构及土壤有效养分的影响  

Effects of Recommended Zinc Application According to Soil Testing on Yield Components of Rice and Soil Available Nutrients

作　　者：魏义长[1] 白由路[1] 杨俐苹[1] 林昌华[1] 姚政[2] 罗国安[2] 宋炜 朱春梅 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]上海市农业科学院环境科学研究所,上海201106 [3]上海海丰米业有限公司农业试验站,江苏大丰224153

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2007年第2期197-202,共6页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目[农科攻字(2004)第8-10号];国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2003AA209010)

摘　　要：采用土壤养分状况系统研究法(ASI法),在海丰农场的海涂滩地上通过小区和田间试验研究了水稻测土推荐施锌量对水稻产量结构、土壤有效锌及其他土壤养分含量的影响。施锌处理的水稻成穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重和产量均比对照极显著地增加(P<0.01),并且都是在推荐施锌量(15kg/hm2)条件下最高,其产量比对照提高了16.9%,但当锌施用量超过推荐施用量,即22.5kg/hm2时,水稻产量结构性能均降低,且与推荐的施锌处理间具有显著差异(P<0.05)。随施锌量的增加,水稻植株和籽粒的含锌量均增加,成熟期提前,且处理间差异显著。土壤有效Zn和NH4+的残留量也是随施锌量的增加而增加,但土壤有效P、K、Ca、Mg却随施锌量的增加而减少,而土壤其他有效养分(S、B、Cu、Fe、Mn)及土壤有机质、pH不受锌施用量影响。推荐的施锌量处理土壤残留有效锌含量为1.83mg/L,没有发现对水稻产生毒害现象。可以认为,利用ASI法进行测土推荐施锌,不仅能够改善水稻产量结构,而且对土壤环境不会产生污染。The effects of recommended Zn fertilization rate according to the soil nutrient test on rice （Oryza sativa L. ） yield components, soil available Zn and other nutrient contents were studied in the coastal Haifeng Farm in plot and field experiments by a systematic approach for soil nutrients status evaluation introduced from Agro Service International Inc （ASI）. The number of panicles per square meter, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight, and yield of rice increased significantly in Zn fertilizer applicated plots compared to the control plot. They were at their best at the recommended zinc application rate of 15 kg/hm^2 , with the yield showing an increase of 16.9%. In addition, Zn concentration in rice plants and grains increased with rising Zn application rate, but the duration to maturity decreased. Soil residual available Zn and NH4 ＋ concentrations increased significantly, but soil residual available P, K, Ca, Mg concentrations decreased and other soil available nutrient（S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn） concentrations and soil organic matter content and pH remained unchanged with the increase of zinc application rate, and the residual available Zn concentration was 1.83 mg/L at the recommended zinc application rate, which was nontoxic to rice growth. Therefore, zinc application rate on the basis of soil ASI testing not only improve the rice yield components, but also cause no zinc pollution.

关 键 词：水稻 锌 测土推荐施肥 产量结构 土壤有效养分 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]