设施栽培土壤化肥减量施用的生态效应研究  

Ecological effect of reducing chemical fertilizer application under protected culture

作　　者：茅国芳[1] 汪琦[2] 黄钊贞 陆建忠[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103 [2]上海市农业委员会,上海200003 [3]上海市浦东新区农业技术推广中心,上海201201

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2007年第1期52-58,共7页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海农业"四新"技术推广项目[沪农科准字(2003)第2-2-4号]部分内容

摘　　要：研究结果表明,氮肥减量施用对设施栽培西瓜产量和品质的提升具有明显作用,一般西瓜纯氮用量和N∶P2O5∶K2O比例分别控制在15-17 kg/666.7 m2和1∶0.5-0.7∶0.7-0.8较为适宜;西瓜不同生育期需肥特点与土壤自身供肥强度的变化在时间上具有趋同性,设施土壤暂不存在氮、磷径流与渗漏流失对水环境污染的问题。因此,过量的氮肥投入可导致土壤NO3--N积累,为土壤次生盐渍化提供了物质基础。循此可见,控制氮肥使用对设施栽培土壤生态环境的改善和可持续利用至关重要。Experimental results showed that reducing chemical nitrogen fertilizer application could obviously improve the yield and quality of watermelon under protected culture, and the amount of applied pure nitrogen = 15 - 17 kg/666.7 m^2 and N ： P2O5 ： K2O = 1 ： 0.5 - 0.7 ： 0.7 - 0.8 were appropriate. There was a homoplasy between the amount of fertilizer needed by watermelon in its different growing periods and the change of fertilizer supplies from soil itself. Besides, there were not N and P losses caused by surface flow and seepage that could produce water pollution. So excessive application of N fertilizer could lead NO3^-N accumulation in soil and secondary soil salinization. Therefore it is important to control chemical N fertilizer application so as to sustainedly use and improve soil and its ecological environment.

关 键 词：减量施肥 设施栽培 西瓜 土壤养分 氮 磷流失 生态环境 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]