金属铝置换硝酸中氢的实验设计  

An Experimental Design to Produce Hydrogen Through Reaction Between Aluminum and Nitric Acid

作　　者：李大塘[1] 唐建生[2] LI Da-tang , TANG Jian-sheng （1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China ; 2. Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan First Normal College, Changsha, Hunan 410205, China ）

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学化学化工学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]湖南省第一师范学校数理系,长沙410205

出　　处：《株洲师范高等专科学校学报》2007年第2期13-15,22,共4页Journal of Zhuzhou Teachers College

摘　　要：成功地设计了金属铝置换硝酸中氢的实验装置与方法，旨在探索金属铝与硝酸的化学性质以及深刘理解硝酸浓度影响其产物的规律．研究发现，室温下用去膜并经氯化汞溶液处理过的铝箔与一定浓度的稀硝酸作用可产生氢气，而未经氯化汞溶液处理的铝箔与稀硝酸作用几乎检测不到氢气的生成．进一步研究显示硝酸的最高浓度为1．6mol／L，产生氢气最快时硝酸浓度为0．07mol／L．An experimental device and method is successfully used to produce hydrogen through the reaction between aluminum and nitric acid with the purpose of exploring the chemical property of metallic aluminum and nitric acid, and understanding profoundly the influence of nitric acid＇s concentration on its resultants. Experimental results show that hydrogen can be produced by the reaction between nitric acid with a given concentration and aluminum handled by means of mercuric bichloride solution under room temperature. Whereas hydrogen is not detected without aluminum handled by mercuric chloride solution. Further study states clearly that the largest nitric acid concentration is 1.6mol/L when hydrogen is produced,the optimum concentration is 0.07 mol/L.

关 键 词：金属铝 硝酸 汞齐 氢气 置换反应 热力学 动力学 

分 类 号：O613.61[理学—无机化学;理学—化学]