西双版纳不同林龄次生植物群落优势树种的热值  

CALORIC VALUES ALLOCATION OF DOMINANT SPECIES IN FOUR SECONDARY FORESTS AT DIFFERENT AGES IN XISHUANGBANNA, SOUTHWEST CHINA

作　　者：乔秀娟[1] 曹敏[1] 林华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园昆明分部

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2007年第2期326-332,共7页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：科技部"973"项目(2003CB415102)

摘　　要：该文对西双版纳的4种次生植物群落优势树种的热值进行了研究。4种群落类型分别是山黄麻(Trema orientalis)群落、白背桐(Mallotus paniculatus)群落、中平树(Macaranga denticulata)群落和思茅崖豆(Millettia leptobotrya)群落,群落年龄分别为2、4、6年和大于15年。4种群落各优势树种的平均干重热值分别为19182.11、19474.81、19551.38和19445.95J.g-1。总体来讲,热值随着群落年龄的增加而增加。增长的原因应该是群落光能利用效率的增加。思茅崖豆群落的热值稍有降低,是因为这个群落样地处在阴坡,不能接受到像其它3个群落那样在阳坡的充足光照。先锋树种的热值明显低于顶极树种。可能是因为在群落演替初期,生态系统增加能量耗散的主要方式是通过生物量的增加;而当结构建成,生物量增加到一定程度,已经没有足够增长空间的时候,生态系统将会改变能量储存方式,主要通过单位质量固定能量的增加,也就是热值的增加,来耗散能量。山黄麻群落中叶片的热值非常低,低于根的热值水平,是短命树种将能量更多地投资于繁殖的原因。Aims The objective of this study is to determine the allocation pattern of caloric values in dominant species of the secondary forests that developed from deforestation of tropical rain forests in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Methods We studied three 20 m×20 m plots in each of four communities： Trema orientalis forest, Mallotus paniculatus forest, Macaranga denticulata forest and Millettia leptobotrya forest, which were 2, 4, 6 and 〉 15 years old. We recorded the species name and DBH of all trees with a diameter 〉 3 cm. Caloric values of 17 dominant tree species were determined using five sample trees of each dominant species： one small tree, three intermediate and one large tree. The sampled parts were leaves, branches, stems and roots. The caloric values of three replications for each sample part were measured with a SDACM-Ⅲa oxygen bomb calorimeter, with an error less than 100 J·g^-1. Differences were tested by t-tests. Important findings The mean caloric values of T. orientalis, Mallotus paniculatus, Macarange denticulata and Millettia leptobotrya forests were 19 182.11, 19 474.81, 19 551.38 and 19 445.95 J·g^-1, respectively. Generally speaking, the caloric values of the climax tree species were greater than those of the pioneer. Differences between leaves were significant, but differences between branches, stems, roots and the average were not significant. The caloric values of different parts were ranked as： leaves 〉 stems or branches 〉 roots at the average level, although T. orientolis, Virex quinata and Aporusa yunnanensis showed lower caloric value in leaves. Results suggest that there was an increase in the utilization efficiency of energy with aging of forests. Ecosystems develop by systematically increasing their ability to convert incoming solar energy; therefore, the transformation efficiency of energy was higher in climax trees than the pioneers. We postulated that in the early succession, ecosystems increase the absorption of energy though biomass accumulation; there

关 键 词：能量 热值 优势物种 次生演替 西双版纳 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]