祁连山区空中水汽资源的分布特征及其开发潜力  

The Distributional Characteristics and Development Potential of Water Vapor Resources over Qilian Moutain Areas

作　　者：郭良才[1] 白虎志[1] 岳虎[1] 罗晓玲 曹玲 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,兰州730020 [2]甘肃省武威市气象局,武威730040 [3]甘肃省酒泉市气象局,酒泉735000

出　　处：《资源科学》2007年第2期68-73,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技攻关计划重大项目:祁连山空中云水资源开发利用研究"(编号:2004BA901A16)

摘　　要：根据祁连山及其周边地区11个探空站的1981年～2002年1月～12月每日2个时次（北京时间08时和20时）的资料，运用动力气象学原理计算和分析了祁连山区四季的平均水汽输送、辐散辐合以及区域内的空中含水量等。结果表明，祁连山区大气中的水汽年输入总量为9392．5×10^8t，水汽年输出总量为8031．5×10^8t，表明在输入该区的水汽总量中只有14．5％成云致雨或留在该区域上空，其余85．5％的水汽成为过路水，即潜在开发的水资源量较大；区域内年空中含水量为331．2×10^8t，夏季最多，冬季最少，对比特征约5：1；四季中水汽的辐合中心基本维持在甘肃省的河西走廊和青海省的东北部一带，夏季最大（-7．4g／g／s），秋季和冬季次之，春季最小（-1．4g/kg/s），说明这一区域内非常有利于水汽的堆积，存在很大的人工增雨（雪）潜力。The purpose of this paper is to present the distributional characteristics and utilization potential of water vapor resources in Qilian Mountain areas. The approach is based on the data of 11 Sounding station in Qilian Mountain areas and the around every twice hour a day （8 o＇ clock and 20 o＇ clock Beijing time） during the periods of January-December of 1981 ~ 2002. Under the dynamic meteorology principle, average water vapor transport, convergence, divergence and moisture content of air in four seasons over Qilian mountain areas were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the annual input of water vapor is 9 392.5 ×10^8t and the annual output of water vapor is 8 031.5 × 10^8t. Only 14.5% of the annual input of water vapor shape clouds and precipitation or leave over the areas, but 85 % of which is bypass vapor water. Water content in these areas is 33 120 million tons. The center of water vapor convergence in four seasons basically maintains in Hexi corridor of Gansu and the northeastern of Qinghai, the summer is in the biggest, autumn and winter are in the middle and the spring is in the smallest（ - 1.4 g/kg/s）. Using these data from meteorological sounding weather stations the day after day actual material, upward separately used Lagrange and the thin grid in vertical and the horizontal side have carried on the suitable material encryption and grid processing from the weighting interpolation, the mesh point （ 1° × 1°） the scope selection 95° - 101°E and 37°- 41°N （chart slightly）, have been calculated in the thin grid region along the radial direction and the latitude to entire level water vapor resources characteristic quantity and so on. Through analyzing the atmosphere water vapor three-dimensional distribution, transportation condition and atmospheric moisture content, it is concluded that there is a great potential to increase the artificial rainfall in this area.

关 键 词：水汽输送 水汽通量 空中含水量 人工增雨(雪) 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]