清至民国时期黄河上游农作物分布与种植结构变迁研究  

Change of Crops Distribution and Planting Structure in the Upper Reach of Yellow River during Qing Dynasty to Minguo Period

作　　者：黄正林[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学近代中国研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《古今农业》2007年第1期84-99,83,共17页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：2006年国家社科基金项目"近代黄河上游区域农村社会经济变迁研究"(批准号:06BZS032)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：黄河上游区域位于黄土高原、青藏高原和内蒙古高原的交界处,不仅地域广袤而且生态环境呈现出多样状态,不论地形、地貌、水系,还是温度、气候、降雨量都存在着很大的差异,这种差异反映在农作物种植方面表现出很强的地理特征,即黄河上游区域以耐干旱的农作物为主。在传统农作物中,小麦、糜子、谷子、豆类是黄河上游区域分布最广泛的作物,不论其分布范围还是品种数量都占有很大的优势。大约明末时期开始到清朝乾、嘉时期,黄河上游区域农作物种植结构开始发生变化,但变化十分缓慢。晚清以后,玉米、马铃薯、棉花、蚕桑开始大面积引种,加速了农作物种植结构的变化,这一变化在民国时期基本完成,主要标志就是玉米、马铃薯广泛种植,而且成为居民生活中的主要食粮。随着农作物种植结构的变化,农作物商品化的进程也加快了,一些农作物成为种植区农民的主要副业和家庭收入的主要来源。The Upper Reach of Yellow River is located in the border area of Loess Plateau, Tibet Plateau and Inner Mongolian Plateau with vast land area and diversified ecological environment. Main crops planted in this region are aridity-resist duo to the characteristics in topography, physiognomy, water system, temperature, climate and rainfall. Traditionally, wheat, millet and legume are the widely distributed crops. Since late Qing Dynasty, corn, potato, cotton and mulberry had been introduced and planted. With the change of crops planting structure, farmers sold more and more agricultural products, and income from sale of agricultural products became the main source of farmers＇s income.

关 键 词：黄河上游区域 农作物地理分布 结构变迁 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济]