辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)叶特性沿海拔梯度的变化及其环境解释  

The altitudinal variation of leaf traits of Quercus liaotungensis and associated environmental explanations

作　　者：祁建[1] 马克明[1] 张育新[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第3期930-937,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30470315);国家自然科学基金委创新研究群体基金项目(40311101);中国科学院野外台站基金资助项目~~

摘　　要：植物对环境的适应一直是生态学研究的核心问题之一。山地由于海拔剧烈变化造成显著的环境差异,成为研究植物对环境适应性变化的理想对象。为阐明辽东栎（Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.）叶对环境的适应性变化,在北京东灵山地区辽东栎海拔分布范围（1000~1800m）内研究了叶特性的变化规律及其与地形和土壤养分的关系。回归分析发现：辽东栎气孔密度、气孔长度和叶面积随海拔的升高呈现曲线变化形式。在海拔约1400m处,气孔密度最小而气孔长度和叶面积最大;气孔密度和长度成反比;叶长宽比没有明显变化;叶绿素（a＋b）含量和单位干重叶氮、磷和钾含量沿海拔梯度呈上升趋势,同时叶绿素含量和叶氮含量有较弱的正相关。偏相关分析显示：叶绿素含量和坡位有显著的相关关系,叶磷含量与坡度关系显著,但叶养分与土壤养分之间未表现出明显的相关关系;地形和土壤养分与气孔密度、长度和叶面积等形态指标的关系均不显著。方差分析表明上坡位与中、下坡位的叶绿素含量有显著差异,上坡位的叶绿素含量最高。辽东栎大部分叶特性在其海拔分布范围内有显著的变化,并且形态特征和养分特征的变化形式不同,海拔1400m左右是辽东栎叶形态特征变化最显著的范围。这些叶特征的变化与土壤养分的关系不明显。The relationship between leaf traits and environment is an important issue in plant ecology, where leaf traits variation along altitudinal gradient was paid much more attention. However, former studies were failed to consider the integrative effects of topography and soil properties on leaf traits. To improve the understanding on leaf trait variations of Quercus liaotungensis and the integrative effects of topography and soil nutrients on these changes, 119 continuous plots of 10 transects were investigated along altitudinal gradient （ 1000 - 1800 m） within the distribution range of Q. liaotungensis in Dongling Mountain near Beijing. Regression analysis showed that leaf morphological and nutritional responses to the altitudinal gradient varied differently. Stomatal density （SD）, stomatal length （SL） and leaf area （LA） were non-linear with increasing altitude. Below 1400 m, SL and LA increased with increasing altitude, whereas SD decreased significantly. In contrast, when altitude was above 1400 m, these traits had reverse patterns, but blade length/width ratio （E/W） did not change significantly. Mass basis chlorophyll （ a ＋ b） content （ ChIC ）, leaf nitrogen （ Nmass ）, phosphorus （Pmass ） and potassium concentration （Kmass） increased with altitude linearly. SD and SL negatively correlated and ChIC had marginally positive relationship with Nmass. Moreover, partial correlation analysis screened out that ChIC significantly correlated with slope position （POS） and Pmass correlated with slope gradient （GRA）, but SD, SL and LA did not correlate with POS, GRA and soil nutrient, neither did leaf nutrient concentrations with soil nutrient conditions. Significant differences were found among the ChIC on bottom, middle and top slopes, where ChIC on top slopes was the highest. Although leaf traits of Q. liaotungensis had different variation patterns along the altitudinal gradient, 1400 m might be a critical altitude for most morphological traits.

关 键 词：地形 土壤养分 叶形态 叶养分 生态适应性 

分 类 号：S792.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]