锌冶炼厂周围农作物和蔬菜的汞污染及健康风险评价  

Mercury Contamination of Crops and Vegetables Around the Zinc Smelting Plant

作　　者：郑娜[1] 王起超[1] 郑冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2007年第2期688-693,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx3-sw-437)

摘　　要：采用对应采样方法研究了葫芦岛锌冶炼厂周围地区3种农作物、20多种蔬菜及其根部土壤的含汞量。结果表明,蔬菜可食用部分受到汞的严重污染,汞含量范围为0.001￣0.147mg·kg-1(干重);37.1%的叶菜类蔬菜、9%的瓜类蔬菜和4%的豆类蔬菜超过国家食品污染物限量标准;玉米、大豆、高粱中汞污染明显,3者的种子中汞平均含量分别为0.008、006、0.057mg·kg-1;作物和蔬菜植株中汞含量顺序为叶>根>茎>果实。相关性分析表明,植株根部的汞主要来自于土壤,而叶中的汞则可能来源于大气。通过消费蔬菜,成人汞的平均摄入量为0.015μg·kg-1·d-1,最高摄入量为0.051μg·kg-1·d-1,儿童汞的平均摄入量为0.020μg·kg-1·d-1,最高摄入量为0.069μg·kg-1·d-1,仅通过这一途径摄入的总汞平均值就分别占PTWI的2.1%、2.8%,最高值占7.1%、9.7%。The mercury contents in 3 kinds of crops, 22 kinds of vegetables, and the rhizosphere soil from eight sampling sites around zinc smelting plant in Huludao city, China are investigated. The results indicate that the edible parts of vegetable are also contaminated by mercury, with the range of mercury content 0.001 -0.147mg·kg^-1（dw）. 37.1% leafy vegetable, 9% gourd vegetable, and 4% leguminous vegetable exceeded the maximum levels of contaminants in foods. Maize, bean and broomcom are contaminated by mercury greatly, and the mercury contents of seed are 0.008 mg·kg^-1, 0.006 mg·kg^-1 and 0.057 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The mercury content in plant tissue decrease in the order of leaves〉root〉stalk〉grain. The correlation analysis shows that the mercury in the root of plant mainly derives from soil, and uptake of gaseous mercury is the predominant pathway of mercury accumulation in the foliage. The average and maximal mercury daily intake（DI） of adult are 0.015μg·kg^-1·d^-1, 0.051μg·kg^-1·d^-1, and of child are 0.020 and 0.069μg·kg^-1·d^-1 respectively. The World Health Organization （WHO） has established a provisional tolerable weekly intake（PTWI） of 5 μg·kg^-1 body weight（bw） per week for total mercury. The average and maximal weekly intake of total mercury by consuming the vegetable around the Huludao Zinc Plant are 2.1%, 7.1% of PTWI for adult, and 2.8%, 9.7% of PTWI for child.

关 键 词：蔬菜 农作物 汞 复合污染 锌冶炼 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]