两系杂交粳稻主要性状亲子关系与组合选配  

Combination Selection and Main Characters Relations between Parents and Offspring of Two-line Japonica Hybrid Rice

作　　者：方国成[1] 熊佑能[1] 曾庆四[1] 李珍连[1] 武晓智[1] 李培德[1] 卢兴桂[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2007年第2期196-199,313,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2003AA212020)

摘　　要：以5个粳型光敏感核不育系与5个粳型恢复系配制成25个不完全双列杂交组合,测定其杂种F1主要性状杂种优势,估算父、母本及其互作对杂种各性状变量的贡献率。结果表明,两系杂交粳稻单株产量具有明显杂种优势,平均中亲优势率32.21±14.48%,平均超亲优势率10.80±13.73%,通过亲本筛选可以培育出比常规粳稻增产20%以上的强优组合;垩白粒率和垩白度是影响粳杂稻米品质的主要因子,母本对垩白粒率和垩白度起主导作用,培育优质不育系是改善粳杂稻米品质的关键;当双亲中有一亲本为优质品种时,其杂种稻米品质明显提高,而当双亲均为劣质亲本时,其杂种稻米品质进一步恶化,在配组时确保亲本之一为优质品种能有效改善杂种稻米品质。Two-line japonica hybrid rice combinations from 5 japonica Photoperiod-sensitive Genic Male Sterile （PGMS） lines and 5 japonica restorers with the method of incomplete diallel crossing were used to analyze the heterosis of main characters of Fl combinations such as yield, rice quality, plant shape and growth duration and contribution efficiencies of these parents and their interaction effects to the trait variables of offspring. The results showed that： The heterosis were significant among yield per plant. The average heterosis ratio of mid-parent was 32.21±14.48% and that of over-parent heterosis was 10.80± 13.73%. Percentage of grains with chalkiness and chalkiness ratio were the main factors that affected the quality in japonica hybrid rice. Female parent controlled the percentage of grains with chalkiness and chalkiness ratio. Hybrid rice quality would be obviously improved when one of the parents had high quality. Hybrid rice quality would be more deteriorated when both parents had bad quality.

关 键 词：两系杂交粳稻 杂种优势 贡献率 组合选配 亲子关系 

分 类 号：S334.5[农业科学—作物遗传育种] S511[农业科学—农艺学]