京郊平原区苜蓿生产能力与耗水规律的研究　  

Study on the alfalfa productivity and water consumption in suburb plain area of Beijing

作　　者：孟林[1] 毛培春[1] 张国芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院北京草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100089

出　　处：《草业科学》2007年第4期36-40,共5页Pratacultural Science

基　　金："十五"国家重点科技攻关项目(2001BA508B23);北京市科技计划项目(H020720010630)

摘　　要：根据北京地区气候与苜蓿Medicago sativa生产特点通过定量灌溉控制,设置水分相对充足(WS)、水分中度(WM)和水分亏缺(WD)3个水分梯度处理,对苜蓿各茬次与全年干草产量、土壤含水量以及干草产量与耗水量、水分利用效率的相关关系进行测定与分析。结果显示,苜蓿干草产量与耗水量和水分利用效率呈正线性相关关系,当灌溉量较大、水分充足时,可增加苜蓿各茬次与全年干草产量,其耗水量与水分利用效率也相应增加,表明相对充足灌水有利于植株的生长发育,特别是在北京相对干旱的2003年,生长时期的自然降水为285.6 mm,仅依靠自然降水并不能获得苜蓿高产以满足生产需要,适当的灌水是有必要的,按返青和每次刈割后灌溉60 mm/次(以保持土壤含水量75%时),全年耗水量530.33 mm,全年可获得苜蓿干草产量17 927.48 kg/hm2。Three kinds of soil water treatments including water sufficiency （WS）, water medium （WM） and water deficiency （WD） were designed through quantitative irrigation control according to climate and alfalfa production conditions in Beijing area. Alfalfa hay yields of each cutting and whole growing season, soil water content, correlation between alfalfa yield and water consumption, water use efficiency were measured and analyzed. The results showed that alfalfa hay yield was positively correlated with water consumption and water use efficiency. When the soil water is relatively sufficient, alfalfa hay yields of each cutting and whole growing season increased; its water consumption and water use efficiency increased accordingly. This indicated that relatively sufficient soil moisture could improve plant growth and development; especially in Beijing, the rainfall of whole growing season in 2003 was about 285.6 mm and this could not meet the needs of alfalfa high yield, and irrigation was necessary. About 60mm of water was applied at regeneration and after each cutting （to achieve 75% of water holding capacity）, totally 530.33 mm water consumption could achieve 17 927.48 kg/hm^2 of alfalfa hay yield.

关 键 词：苜蓿 耗水规律 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]