陆地棉与三裂棉、斯特提棉和A111种间杂种F_1的形态与细胞学  

Morphology and Cytology Studies on F1 Hybrids of Gossypium hirsutum with G. trilobum-, G. sturtianum and A111

作　　者：周宝良[1] 彭跃进[1] 沈新莲[1] 黄骏麒[1] 钱思颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《作物学报》1996年第1期84-88,T001,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

摘　　要：本文研究了TM-1×三裂棉、江苏棉1号×斯特提棉、泗棉2号×Alll 3个种间杂种F_1的主要形态特征及花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体行为。3个种间杂种F_1的花器官性状大多趋向于父本野生棉,如花冠颜色、花心等;营养器官大多趋向于中间型,如叶色、叶形等。杂种F_1均表现高度不育。减数分裂中期Ⅰ的染色体构型依次为:13.73Ⅰ+12.52Ⅱ+0.03Ⅲ+0.04Ⅳ,28.03Ⅰ+5.38Ⅱ+0.07Ⅲ和33.26Ⅰ+2.87Ⅱ;其染色体组亲和性指数分别为0.9715、0.4192和0.2208。这一结果表明:(1)陆地棉与三裂棉的亲缘关系较近,与斯特提棉的亲缘关系较远,与Alll的亲缘关系更远;(2)泅棉2号×Alll的F_1染色体数为2n=3x=39,其染色体数x=13与棉属相同,其次因Alll原产于澳大利亚,形态上与纳尔逊氏棉、澳洲棉比较接近,因此推测它可能属于棉属的C染色体组种。Three interspecific F1 hybrids, i. e. , G. hirsutum×G. trilobum (2n = 2x = 26, D8), G. hirsutumXG. sturtianum (2n = 2x = 26, CD and G. hirsutum × Alll (undenom-inated) were studied for inheritance of some morphological characters and their chromosome behavior in meiosis.The results showed that the corolla color and petal spot of F1s were similar to those of their male parents, but leaf color and shape were in intermediate type. The genome affinity indexes (GAD and chromosome configurations at metaphase Ⅰ in these F1 hybrids were 0. 9715 and 2n = 3x = 39 = 13. 73Ⅰ +12. 52 Ⅱ +0. 03 Ⅲ+0. 04Ⅳ , 0. 4192 and 2n = 3x = 39 = 28. 03 Ⅰ +5. 38 Ⅱ + 0. 07Ⅲ , 0. 2208 and 2n=3x = 39 = 33. 26 Ⅰ +2. 87Ⅱ , respectively.Based on the results, it is concluded that G. hirsutum was most closly related to G. trilobum, while least to A111. And it is also suggested that A111 may be a species in C genome, which has the same basic chromosome number (x= 13) in Gossypium and is similar to G. nelsanii and G. australe in most of the morphological characters.

关 键 词：棉花 种间杂种 染色体构型 形态 细胞学 

分 类 号：S562.035.1[农业科学—作物学]