水稻84-15的细胞胚胎学研究——兼论无融合生殖问题  

A Cytoembryological Study on Rice 84-15, a Rice Line Presumed to be Apomictic

作　　者：时光春[1] 倪丕冲[2] 宋家祥[3] 母锡金[4] 梁铁兵[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院生物技术研究中心,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所,北京100081 [3]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [4]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《作物学报》1996年第6期657-660,T003,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：中国农业科学院院长基金

摘　　要：对1390个水稻84-15子房系统的细胞胚胎学研究表明,84-15约97.3％的子房内,大孢子发生及其胚囊的发育过程与普通水稻品种相似,大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成大孢子四分体,绝大多数四分体成线型排列,少数成T型排列。珠孔端的3个大孢子消失,合点端的一个为具功能的大孢子,经3次有丝分裂发育为典型的八核蓼型胚囊。在受精、胚及胚乳的发育过程中未见异常现象;约2.7％的子房内有珠心细胞、胚囊及幼胚败育等细胞退化现象发生,在细胞退化前后,未见任何珠心细胞分化形成无融合生殖原始细胞。故据我们的试验结果表明,水稻84-15不是任何类型的无融合生殖材料。Systematic Cytoembryological studies were carried out with 1380 sectinoed ovules of 84-15, a Rice line presumed to be apomitic. The results showed that megasporogenesis and embryo sac development in 97. 3% of sectoned ovules were similar to other common rice cul-tivars. The megaspore mother cell underwent meiosis to produce a linear tetrad of megaspores; a few T type tetrads were also observed. The three megaspores nearest the micropyle degenerated, leaving the chalazal megaspore as the functoinal magaspore, it enlarged and divided three times to form a mature typical eight nucleate polygonum type femal gametophyte. Fertilization and the developing process of embryo and endosperm were also normal. The phenomena of cell degenerating including that of the nucellus, embryo sacs and young embryos were observed in 2. 7% of sectioned ovules, but the cell aborted, from beginning to end, no any other phenomena of apomitic initial cells derived from differentiated within nucellus were observed. It was concluded, therefore, that 84-15 is not an apomictic rice line.

关 键 词：无融合生殖 水稻 细胞胚胎学 鉴定 

分 类 号：S511.032[农业科学—作物学]