山东主要土类中磷酸化酶及其与供磷特性的关系  

Phosphatase Activities of Main Soil Types in Shandong Province and their Relationship with Soil P Releasing Properties

作　　者：孟庆华[1] 李根英[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东棉花研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农科院作物所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2007年第2期273-276,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：山东省财政支持重点农业科技成果推广(SDGP2003-54-B)

摘　　要：山东3大土类中棕壤的3种磷酸化酶以酸性磷酸化酶活性最高,平均为0.9856μg 100g-1,其酸性磷酸化酶主要通过减少磷的吸附和固定,增加磷的解吸,提高缓效磷的含量,从而改善棕壤的供磷状况;潮土的3种土壤磷酸化酶以碱性磷酸化酶的活性最高,平均为0.7032μg 100g-1,其碱性磷酸化酶主要通过增加磷的解吸,提高缓效磷的含量,从而改善潮土的供磷状况;褐土的3种土壤磷酸化酶也是以碱性磷酸化酶的活性最高,平均为1.009μg100g-1,其碱性磷酸化酶主要通过减少磷的吸附和固定,提高有效磷和缓效磷的含量,从而改善褐土的供磷状况。高产农田的碱性磷酸化酶活性高于酸性磷酸化酶,酸性磷酸化酶活性高于中性磷酸化酶,其活性分别为0.8875μg 100g-1、0.7043μg 100g-1和0.2675μg 100g-1,而且高产农田的3种磷酸化酶活性均极显著高于中低产田,2类产量水平的农田,均主要通过酸性磷酸化酶来改善土壤供磷状况,其中高产农田的酸性磷酸化酶主要通过减少磷的固定,增加磷的解吸,提高缓效磷的含量;中低产农田的酸性磷酸化酶,主要通过增加磷的解吸,减少磷的固定,提高有效磷的含量。Acid phosphatase activities were 0.9856ug 100g^-1 soil, being the highest in brown earth. They increased soil phosphorus availability through decreasing absorption and fixation of P, and increasing desorption of P and the amount of slow relaxed P. Alkaline phosphorus activities were 0.7032 and 1. 009 ug 100g^-1 soil in cultivated meadow and cinnamon soil, respectively, and they increased soil phosphorus availability through increasing P desorption and the amount of slow relaxed P. Compared with lower yield fields, alkaline and neutral phosphorus activities were higher. The activities of the three phosphatases were all higher in the high yield fields than those of in the middle and low yield fields. The effect was achieved through increasing the desorption amount of P and decreasing P fixation in the middle and low yield fields, while through decreasing P fixation, increasing the desorption amount of P in the high yield fields.

关 键 词：棕壤 潮土 褐土 磷酸化酶 土壤磷素 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S154.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]