长江口邻近海域大型底栖生物群落结构分析  

Analysis of Macrobenthos Community Structure in the Adjacent Sea Area of Changjiang River Eastuary

作　　者：孙亚伟[1] 曹恋[1] 秦玉涛[1] 王金辉[1] 程祥圣[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海200137

出　　处：《海洋通报》2007年第2期66-70,共5页Marine Science Bulletin

摘　　要：2004年5月的调查共获大型底栖生物50种,种数和丰度的优势生物为多毛类动物,而底栖鱼类和螠虫的生物量占明显优势。长江口大型底栖生物平均生物量为17.57g/m2,平均丰度为150ind./m2。生物量和丰度密集区集中在盐度25度线附近海域。根据Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和多维排序尺度分析,长江口大型底栖生物可划分为四个群落:Ⅰ圆筒原盒螺-滩栖阳遂足-棘刺锚参-背蚓虫群落;Ⅱ圆筒原盒螺-钩虾群落;Ⅲ背蚓虫-奇异稚齿虫-不倒翁-尖叶长手沙蚕-近辐蛇尾群落;Ⅳ短叶索沙蚕-长吻沙蚕-纽虫群落。通过引入环境变量的二维MDS图分析,长江口大型底栖生物群落分布与底层盐度、有机物具有较大的相关性。生存环境短时间内的剧烈变化是导致群落Ⅱ和Ⅳ种群贫乏的重要原因之一。河口区悬浮粉砂颗粒的短期快速沉降现象可能也是导致群落Ⅱ和Ⅳ种群贫乏的另一重要原因。Fifty species of macrobenthos have been identified in the adjacent sea area of Changjiang River Eastuary in May 2004. The dominant organism is polychaeta species and abundance whereas it is benthic fishes and Echiura in terms of the biomass o The average biomass of the macrobenthos in the Changjiang estuary is 17.57g/m^2, and the average abundance is 150ind./ m^2. The high abundance and biomass of macrobenthos distribute near the sublittoral area of 25 grade isohaline.By the Bray-Curtis similarity cluster analysis and the multi-dimensional scaling technique, 4 communities of macrobenthos can be distinguished in the Changjiang Estuary as follows： Community Ⅰ Eocylichna cylindrella- Amphiura vadicola - Protankyra bidentata- Notomastus latericeus; Community Ⅱ Eocylichna cylindrella- Gammaridae; Community Ⅲ Notomastus latericeus- Paraprionospio pinnata- Sternaspis sculata- Magelona cincta - Ophiactis affinis; Community Ⅳ Lumbrineris latreilli- Glycera chirori- Nemertinea. The macrobenthos community is correlative with the salinity of the bottom and the organics content in the sediment by using the multi-dimensional scaling （ MDS ） technique. The salinity fluctuates with season with acute changes in the short-term due to the flux and ebb tide, which is one of the main reasons that causes the indigence of the communities Ⅱ and Ⅳ, another reason is the rapid and shirt-term suspended silt particles at the estuary.

关 键 词：长江口邻近海域 大型底栖生物 群落结构 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]