作物冠层对喷灌水分分布影响的研究进展  

Effect of crop canopy on soil water redistribution under sprinkler irrigation: a review

作　　者：刘海军[1] 康跃虎[2] 王庆改[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院教育部水沙重点实验室 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2007年第2期137-142,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50509025);国家杰出青年基金项目(40125002);中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室开放基金(WL2005003)

摘　　要：喷灌水分到达冠层以后,经过冠层的截留和水分再分配过程,主要以两种方式到达地面,即穿过冠层直接落入土壤和通过叶片的集水,然后以茎秆为通道流入土壤。以不同方式进入土壤中的水量与作物的种类、冠层结构、种植密度,以及喷灌系统和喷灌时的农田小气候等因素有关。本文根据喷灌水分在农田的分布特点,把喷灌系统和作物结合起来,提出了喷灌有效灌水均匀系数的概念。该系数能综合反映灌溉水经过冠层再分配过程以后,田间水分的有效性。Water is redistributed when going through crop canopy during sprinkler irrigation. Most of irrigation water reaches soil surface by stemflow and throughfall. Percentages of stemflow and throughfall in total water applied are affected by crop species, canopy characteristics, plant density, sprinkler irrigation system, field topography and microelimate. A coefficient of soil water availability and uniformity of sprinkler irrigation was proposed to evaluate water redistribution in a sprinkler irrigation- crop system, where stem flow rate and water distribution coefficient are considered simultaneously. The coefficient could comprehensively show soil water availability when crops are irrigated by sprinkler irrigation systems.

关 键 词：喷灌 作物冠层 水分再分配 灌水均匀度 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]