气候变化对陇东塬区玉米播种期的影响  

Effect of climate change on maize sowing date in the east of Gansu

作　　者：段金省[1] 牛国强 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室 [2]定西市气象局,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2007年第2期235-238,共4页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：科技部社会公益项目(2004DIB5J192)

摘　　要：采用数理统计分析方法对西峰农业气象试验站近16年来玉米观测资料和西峰国家基准气象站近35年来气象观测资料进行了详细分析计算,分析结果认为,气候变化使陇东塬区玉米生育期缩短,玉米主要发育期(出苗、拔节、开花、乳熟、成熟)较历年均提前,提前幅度最大的是乳熟和成熟期;玉米生育期内气温偏高,热量增加,降水分配极不均衡,降水量和日照时数呈逐年减少趋势,气候变化对玉米播种出苗和开花至成熟期的生长影响较大;本区传统的玉米适宜播种期已经不适应现在气候背景下玉米生产需要;当玉米播种期提前5～10 d后,玉米的播种出苗期、拔节抽雄期等生长关键期能够避免春旱、初夏旱、伏旱等气象灾害的影响,并使玉米生产的关键期处于有利的气候条件下,对提高产量十分有利。In order to adapt climate change, tend towards advantage and avoid harm, make the best use of climate resource, and provide good service for local maize production, this article analyzed the observation data of maize from Xifeng agri-meteorological experimental station during recent 16 years and meteorological observation data from Xifeng national benchmark weather station during recent 35 years using statistic method. The result showed that climate warming made maize period shorten in the east of Gansu Province, the main growth period （seeding, jointing, blooming, milk mature and mature） advanced compared with the past years, the largest advance was in milk mature and mature period. Temperature was too high, heat increased, rainfall distributed noproportionally, precipitation and sunlight hours during maize growth decreased year after year, the climate change affected much seeding and blooming to mature period of maize. The traditional sowing period was not suitable for maize production under the new climate condition. If maize sowing date is 5-10 d earlier, the critical grow period, such as the sowing to seeding and jointing to heading period, can avoid spring drought and summer drought. That is favorable for increase maize yield.

关 键 词：玉米 发育期 倾向率 播种期 

分 类 号：S162.4[农业科学—农业气象学] S513.042[农业科学—农业基础科学]