植物中芳香成分的微波-动态气流提取设备的研制  

Development of the Extracting Equipment for Aroma Components by Microwave-dynamic Airflow

作　　者：樊亚鸣[1] 周叶燕[1] 方雪辉[1] 陈永亨[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学化学化工学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《轻工机械》2007年第2期94-97,共4页Light Industry Machinery

基　　金：国家星火计划项目(2005EA780029)

摘　　要：将微波原理与植物中挥发性成分的提取工艺和技术相结合,研制了1台新型设备,用于微波-动态气流提取植物中芳香成分。设计过程考虑到:(1)免溶剂情况下,用较低密度的微波场照射,使植物细胞迅速破壁;(2)用带有出气孔的搅拌器,在搅拌的同时,通入动态气流,导出芳香成分;(3)采用软刮片贴壁搅拌,促进芳香成分气化并防止物料焦化。以新鲜大蒜精油的提取为例,对比该设备以微波-动态气流法在免溶剂条件下提取与通常的水蒸气蒸馏法提取,结果表明:前者的提取能耗、提取时间及萃取剂用量分别只占后者所需的9.3%、20%及42%,而两者的产出率相近(2.6‰与2.4‰)。该设备操作简便、特别适用于从含水量高的新鲜植物中提取芳香成分。A new set of equipment was developed to extract the aroma components by microwave-dynamic airflow （MDA） under solvent-free distillation. The main ideas in the design are as follows-（1 ） at the condition of solvent-free, the plant ceils were irradiated and destroyed by lower density of microwave field and the aroma components poured out; （2） guided the airflow into the extracting pot by a stirrer with small air holes, then leading out the aroma components; （3） a soft scraper is fixed to the stirre;, making the material homogeneous and preventing the material burnt. When extracting fresh garlic oil by MDA under solvent-free condition, we only took 9.3 % energy, 20 % extracting time, and 42 % extracting solvent of those by HD （hydro-distillation）. Meanwhile the yields for above two methods are very near （2. 6%0 and 2. 4%0）. The equipment is simple to operate and suitable to extract the aroma components in fresh plants which contain a lot of water.

关 键 词：设备研制 微波-动态气流提取 免溶剂提取芳香成分 节能降耗 

分 类 号：TQ028.2[化学工程]