地铁高架车站站厅火灾烟气流动与控制  

Smoke movement and control of concourse fires in elevated metro station

作　　者：高俊霞[1] 史聪灵[2] 钟茂华[2] 符泰然[2] 

机构地区：[1]广州市地下铁道总公司,广州510000 [2]中国安全生产科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2007年第2期49-54,共6页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:50674079)资助

摘　　要：对于高架车站地铁火灾,危害最大的主要是下层站厅火灾燃烧产生的烟气和毒害物质的扩散形成的人员伤亡。文章结合广州市地铁4号线高架车站,对高架车站的站厅自然排烟设计进行了探讨,同时采用火灾动力学模型对站厅火灾进行了数值模拟,进而验证了防排烟设计的有效性。研究表明,高架车站的自然排烟设计应该确保楼扶梯为无烟区,需要采用两种必要的手段:(1)在楼扶梯开口四周设置挡烟垂壁,严格控制烟气进入疏散通道;(2)同时为了确保站厅火灾烟气能够及时的排放,在站厅两侧玻璃幕墙顶部设置排烟口或者利用站厅两端的轨道孔,及时供烟气自然排放至室外空间。文章进一步给出了站厅自然排烟口的大小和面积的计算方法。研究结论可为国内外类似高架车站防排烟设计提供参考。The most dangerous fire case in the elevated metro station is the concourse fire, which generates a large mount of smoky and toxic gases filling to hurt the passengers. The paper, taking the Guangzhou metro line 4 as the example, investigates the natural smoke exhaust design for the elevated metro station. CFD modeling is also performed to validate the design. It is indicated that the smoke control in elevation station should keep the staircase and escalator a smokeless zone, to meet this objective, two technical measures are needed： （1） the smoke screen is installed around the opening of staircase and escalator, to prevent the smoke spreading to the evacuation way, （2） the natural vent is set up on the top of the sidewall to exhaust the hot smoke in time. Furthermore the calculation method for the size and area of the natural vent is proposed. The conclusions may benefit to smoke control design and safety management for such elevation station.

关 键 词：高架车站 防排烟设计 火灾 烟气蔓延 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X962[环境科学与工程—安全科学]