副神经的定位及其临床意义  

Anatomic location of accessory nerve and its clinical significance

作　　者：刘阳[1] 赵卫东[1] 姜楠[1] 张美超[1] 王军[1] 钟世镇[1] 

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学解剖学教研室广东省医学生物力学重点实验室,广州510515

出　　处：《中国临床解剖学杂志》2007年第2期163-165,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30371449)

摘　　要：目的:为有关的手术准确定位副神经提供解剖学基础。方法:12具(24侧)成人尸体标本。解剖观测副神经的行程、毗邻、体表标志、分支分布、与其与周围神经的关系。结果:副神经进入胸锁乳突肌后,75%肌支为两支,25%为1支。副神经在胸锁乳突肌后缘穿出点距耳大神经在胸锁乳突肌后缘穿出点上方(1.24±0.51)cm,距锁骨中点(10.72±1.67)cm,距胸锁关节(12.46±1.19)cm。副神经在颈后三角内位置表浅,副神经进入斜方肌点距锁骨中点(4.95±1.62)cm,沿途发出支配斜方肌的分支。结论:副神经有较为恒定的标志,上述测量的副神经体表定位有助于在有关手术中可以有效地保护或快速寻找副神经。Objective： To provide reliable anatomical basis for locating accessory nerve exactly during related neck operations. Methods： The heads, necks and shoulders of 12 cadavers were dissected. The course, surface symbols, branches, and surrounding structures of accessory nerve were observed and measured. Results： After entering into the stemocleidomastoid muscle, 75% of accessory nerves gave off2 branches and 25% only 1. The distance from accessory nerve to the great auricular nerve was about 1.24±0.51 cm, to clavicular midpoint 10.72±1.67 cm, and 12.46±1.19 cm to stcmoclavicular joint after leaving the posterior edge of stemocleidomastoid muscle. The accessory nerve followed an oblique course and was superficial in the neck posterior triangle. The distance from the point of nerve entering trapezius muscle to clavicular midpoint was about 4.95±1.62 cm. Along its course, accessory nerve gave several branches to trapezius muscle. Conchusions： The course of accessory nerve is constant, which is helpful to protect and find out it during the related procedures.

关 键 词：副神经 胸锁乳突肌 斜方肌 应用解剖 

分 类 号：R323.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]